Publication: La obesidad, un estado de envejecimiento prematuro: estudio conductual, inmunitario y de estrés oxidativo en modelos murinos
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2016-03-15
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La obesidad se puede definir como un estado de desequilibrio entre la ingestión y el gasto de calorías que conlleva una excesiva o anormal acumulación de grasa corporal. La prevalencia de esta enfermedad ha aumentado de manera alarmante en la mayor parte de los países, alcanzando proporciones epidémicas en los últimos años, representando uno de los problemas de salud más importantes. La etiología de la obesidad es multifactorial, en ella están implicados factores genéticos, metabólicos, medioambientales y de estilo de vida, además de psico-sociales. La morbilidad asociada a esta enfermedad se manifiesta en múltiples alteraciones, entre las que destacan desórdenes metabólicos como resistencia a la insulina, diabetes mellitus tipo II y dislipidemia; enfermedades cardiovasculares como la hipertensión, aterosclerosis, insuficiencia cardiaca y la enfermedad cerebrovascular; y también el síndrome metabólico, así como enfermedades respiratorias, desórdenes gastrointestinales, y alteraciones musculo-esqueléticas. El desequilibrio energético característico de la obesidad conlleva la expansión del tejido adiposo, que provoca anomalías en la función de los adipocitos, como son el estrés oxidativo, con la generación de especies reactivas de oxígeno. Además, tiene lugar la liberación sistémica de adipoquinas relacionadas con la inflamación secretadas por los adipocitos, que genera un estado de inflamación crónica moderada o de bajo grado. Entre los marcadores inflamatorios liberados por el tejido adiposo en la obesidad se encuentran diferentes citoquinas y proteínas de fase aguda, así como la hormona leptina, siendo los individuos obesos resistentes a esta hormona, lo que da lugar a un aumento compensatorio de las concentraciones circulantes...
Obesity can be defined as an imbalance state between the ingestion and caloric expenditure which involves an excessive or unusual accumulation of body fat. The prevalence of this disease has increased alarmingly in most countries, reaching epidemic proportions within the last years and representing one of the most important health problems. Obesitýs etiology is multifactorial, being involved genetic, metabolic, environmental and lifestyle factors, as well as psico-social conditions. The associated morbidity to this disease results in multiple alterations, among which it can be mentioned metabolic disorders (such as insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia), cardiovascular diseases (such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure and the brain vascular disease) and also the metabolic syndrome, as well as respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and muscle-skeletal alterations. The energetic imbalance associated with obesity involves adipose tissue growth, which causes abnormalities in the adipocytes function, as oxidative stress, with the reactive oxygen species generation. Furthermore, the systemic release of adipokines by adipose cells takes place in relation to the inflammation, which generates a moderate or low chronic inflammatory state. Among the inflammatory markers released by adipose tissue in obesity conditions, different cytokines and acute phase proteins are included, as well as the leptin hormone, being obese individuals resistant to this hormone, which causes a compensatory increase of its concentration in peripheral blood...
Obesity can be defined as an imbalance state between the ingestion and caloric expenditure which involves an excessive or unusual accumulation of body fat. The prevalence of this disease has increased alarmingly in most countries, reaching epidemic proportions within the last years and representing one of the most important health problems. Obesitýs etiology is multifactorial, being involved genetic, metabolic, environmental and lifestyle factors, as well as psico-social conditions. The associated morbidity to this disease results in multiple alterations, among which it can be mentioned metabolic disorders (such as insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia), cardiovascular diseases (such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure and the brain vascular disease) and also the metabolic syndrome, as well as respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and muscle-skeletal alterations. The energetic imbalance associated with obesity involves adipose tissue growth, which causes abnormalities in the adipocytes function, as oxidative stress, with the reactive oxygen species generation. Furthermore, the systemic release of adipokines by adipose cells takes place in relation to the inflammation, which generates a moderate or low chronic inflammatory state. Among the inflammatory markers released by adipose tissue in obesity conditions, different cytokines and acute phase proteins are included, as well as the leptin hormone, being obese individuals resistant to this hormone, which causes a compensatory increase of its concentration in peripheral blood...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 21-01-2016