Publication: Behemoth: la cuestión del gobierno de un mundo globalizado
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2016-05-06
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Behemoth se pregunta principalmente por la cuestión de la gobernanza del mundo. Parte de la noción de que el mundo se ha globalizado enormemente, creándose vastas redes de relaciones y conexiones entre ciudadanos, empresas, ideas, etc. entre lugares muy dispersos del mundo, sustentando una estructura en red. Esto ha conllevado la aparición de una serie de riesgos de alcance global que divido en seis grandes categorías: ecológicos, demográficos, culturales, económicos, tecnológicos y políticos. Al mismo tiempo, se están produciendo transformaciones políticas que están llevando a la aparición de una nueva arena política global, especialmente a partir de la fundación de la ONU. Esta ha supuesto la confirmación de que la arena interestatal había cambiado hasta tal punto que había diferencias innegables en los actores, los modos de actuar, los poderes que se esgrimen, los modos de legitimar la acción, etc. que son analizados pormenorizadamente comparando la situación post-ONU con la que se dio tras la firma de la Paz de Westphalia. A partir de ahí, se indaga sobre las distintas herramientas que el orden interestatal tiene a la hora de enfrentarse a los riesgos, diferenciándose básicamente cinco tipos: acuerdos interestatales, regímenes, organizaciones, bloques regionales y sociedad civil global (tanto en forma de organizaciones como de movimientos sociales) a los cuales habría que añadir los Estados que no son tratados directamente en la tesis. Se analiza cómo funciona cada uno de ellos, las ventajas que ofrecen y las debilidades intrínsecas, así como el grado en el que cada uno puede enfrentarse a los riesgos globales, así como algunos casos especialmente importantes de ellos (el G-20, la ONU y la Unión Europea)...
The starting point of the argument contained in the thesis is globalization: this is a social process that is advancing as years go by, connecting different actors, spaces and times and bridging distances both physical and cultural. The increase in globalization is intensifying the relationships established between agents, leading to the appearance of an increasing interdependence between them. Since this interdependence is not only between two specific agents but across a whole globalized network of relationships, we can speak of an increase in global interdependence. Castells has very effectively described this in his famous trilogy on the Information Era. The rising global interdependence has also brought the attention to the rising global risks that come with it. Since Ulrich Beck announced the Risk Society theory, time has confirmed his suspicious and brough the global risks to the frontline of debates, threats and discussions all over the world. Ecological global risks are a pretty well-established set of risks, but you can well add to them the risks that emerge from migrations and bad demography handling (currently, a debate that’s getting really important in both the United States and the European Union), risks that stem from cultural reasons, those that come from techonological or scientific ones, the economic ones that have prevailed through the last years of global economic crises, and political ones. All these operate on a global level, crossing borders from one country to the next without problem and putting all of them in a risky situation...
The starting point of the argument contained in the thesis is globalization: this is a social process that is advancing as years go by, connecting different actors, spaces and times and bridging distances both physical and cultural. The increase in globalization is intensifying the relationships established between agents, leading to the appearance of an increasing interdependence between them. Since this interdependence is not only between two specific agents but across a whole globalized network of relationships, we can speak of an increase in global interdependence. Castells has very effectively described this in his famous trilogy on the Information Era. The rising global interdependence has also brought the attention to the rising global risks that come with it. Since Ulrich Beck announced the Risk Society theory, time has confirmed his suspicious and brough the global risks to the frontline of debates, threats and discussions all over the world. Ecological global risks are a pretty well-established set of risks, but you can well add to them the risks that emerge from migrations and bad demography handling (currently, a debate that’s getting really important in both the United States and the European Union), risks that stem from cultural reasons, those that come from techonological or scientific ones, the economic ones that have prevailed through the last years of global economic crises, and political ones. All these operate on a global level, crossing borders from one country to the next without problem and putting all of them in a risky situation...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída el 15-12-2015