Publication: Construyendo la arquitectura del régimen de bienestar en México
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2016-05-10
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La preocupación y la responsabilidad por la protección social de los ciudadanos presentan hoy diferentes matices entre los países en el mundo. Mientras que en las democracias avanzadas de Europa el Estado ha asumido una gran responsabilidad en la protección de los ciudadanos frente a riesgos como el desempleo, la enfermedad, la dependencia, la vejez y la muerte; la responsabilidad social del Estado mexicano en cuanto a política de bienestar se refiere, ha sido limitada. La estructura actual de la política de bienestar en México ha sido incapaz de garantizar el acceso efectivo a los servicios básicos de bienestar. Si bien la Constitución Política y el discurso nacional de los gobiernos mexicanos reconocen una serie de derechos sociales, grandes sectores de la población se encuentran desprotegidos y sin posibilidades de acceder a ellos. A inicios del tercer milenio, el futuro de la democracia en México se encuentra estrechamente relacionado con las funciones y responsabilidades sociales que el Estado asuma para garantizar el bienestar de sus ciudadanos bajo el principio de ciudadanía social. México es un país con profundas desigualdades y con amplios sectores sociales viviendo en situaciones de pobreza y de exclusión, por ello, es posible sostener que el Estado ha sido deficitario en cuanto a funciones y responsabilidades sociales se refiere, ya que no ha logrado garantizar el acceso universal a los servicios básicos de bienestar como derechos sociales; en lugar de ello, ha construido un andamiaje institucional de beneficios diferenciados para grupos poblacionales...
The current structure of welfare policy in Mexico has been unable to ensure effective access to basic welfare services. While the Constitution and the national discourse of Mexican governments recognize a number of social, large sections of the population are vulnerable and unable to access them. At the beginning of the third millennium, the future of democracy in Mexico is closely related to social roles and responsibilities assumed by the State to ensure the welfare of its citizens under the principle of social citizenship. Mexico is a country with deep inequalities and large sectors of society living in poverty and exclusion, it is therefore possible to argue that the state has been deficient in terms of social responsibilities, since it has failed to ensure the universal access to basic welfare services and social rights. Instead, he has built an institutional framework of differentiated benefits for population. This research aims to analyze the institutional architecture of the welfare regime in Mexico to identify the main challenges facing the State in building a wellness model that ensures effective access to social rights formally established in the Constitution. To do this, the theoretical and methodological elements proposed are the Welfare Regimes framework. As a comparative point, this research use the model of the European Welfare State, which is governed by the principles of universality of the goods and services, where these benefits in health, education, housing and social security, are offered by the State like Social Citizenship. Other specific objectives pursued are: to characterize the welfare system through the analysis of three elements, ie, the institutional mix, welfare outcomes and effects of social stratification; identify the contribution of labor market , family and social sector in the allocation of welfare mechanisms, as well as suggest policy recommendations...
The current structure of welfare policy in Mexico has been unable to ensure effective access to basic welfare services. While the Constitution and the national discourse of Mexican governments recognize a number of social, large sections of the population are vulnerable and unable to access them. At the beginning of the third millennium, the future of democracy in Mexico is closely related to social roles and responsibilities assumed by the State to ensure the welfare of its citizens under the principle of social citizenship. Mexico is a country with deep inequalities and large sectors of society living in poverty and exclusion, it is therefore possible to argue that the state has been deficient in terms of social responsibilities, since it has failed to ensure the universal access to basic welfare services and social rights. Instead, he has built an institutional framework of differentiated benefits for population. This research aims to analyze the institutional architecture of the welfare regime in Mexico to identify the main challenges facing the State in building a wellness model that ensures effective access to social rights formally established in the Constitution. To do this, the theoretical and methodological elements proposed are the Welfare Regimes framework. As a comparative point, this research use the model of the European Welfare State, which is governed by the principles of universality of the goods and services, where these benefits in health, education, housing and social security, are offered by the State like Social Citizenship. Other specific objectives pursued are: to characterize the welfare system through the analysis of three elements, ie, the institutional mix, welfare outcomes and effects of social stratification; identify the contribution of labor market , family and social sector in the allocation of welfare mechanisms, as well as suggest policy recommendations...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída el 21-01-2016