Publication: El efecto de genes candidato sobre la expresión de la actividad migratoria en currucas capirotadas ("Sylvia atracapilla") de la Península Ibérica
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2017-12-05
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La migración es un aspecto fundamental en la vida de muchos animales de todo tipo de taxones. Se ha establecido que las diferencias genéticas son la mayor causa en las variaciones en la expresión del comportamiento migratorio, pero nuestro conocimiento sobre las bases moleculares es aun limitado. En esta tesis, trato de explorar en mayor detalle el alcance de los genes que afectan al comportamiento migratorio. Diversos estudios realizados en un amplio rango de especies y taxones han permitido encontrar diversos genes que afectan a distintos aspectos del comportamiento migratorio. En este trabajo, compruebo la asociación entre varios genes candidatos y el comportamiento migratorio bajo diversas condiciones, con el objetivo de determinar si los efectos genéticos son consistentes entre poblaciones, entre rasgos migratorios y entre condiciones ambientales. Para ello, he utilizado una especie de ave que previamente había sido empleada como modelo para estudios migratorios: la curruca capirotada (Sylvia atricapilla, Linneaus 1758). En la Península Ibérica, esta especie tiene poblaciones con todas las posibles estrategias migratorias: pueden ser residentes, migradores parciales o migradores completos. El poseer este rango de comportamientos en la misma especie, en una escala geográfica pequeña, lo convierte en un modelo muy interesante para estudiar los efectos de los genes en el comportamiento migratorio; de esta manera se elimina el ruido de estudios comparativos entre especies, además de permitir minimizar otros posibles factores de confusión típicos de los estudios a gran escala, como, por ejemplo, la variación geográfica debido al flujo de genes o patrones de diferenciación que son debidos a la historia de colonización. He investigado la posible asociación entre genes y el comportamiento migratorio utilizando un grupo de genes candidatos, tres de los cuales están relacionados con los ritmos circadianos (CLOCK, ADCYAP1 y NPAS2) y uno relacionado con el comportamiento de evitación del daño (SERT). He comprobado la asociación entre estos genes y la migración en tres grupos diferentes de muestras, asi cubriendo distintos niveles (poblacionales e individuales) y diferentes componentes del comportamiento migratorio: (a) Muestras recogidas en el campo en 21 poblaciones ibéricas. El carácter migratorio de cada población fue establecido usando medidas del ala y datos de presencia o ausencia en invierno. (b) Capturando individuos de 3 poblaciones con diferencias marcadas en su comportamiento migratorio. Los individuos se mantuvieron en jaulas, donde se midió su actividad migradora (zugunruhe) en un ambiente controlado. (c) Individuos de una población parcialmente migradora fueron estudiados en el campo. La estrategia migratoria de cada individuo fue determinada mediante anillamiento y datos observacionales sobre su presencia o ausencia en el área...
Migration is central to the life-history of many animals of all taxa. Heritable genetic differences have been identified as major causes of differences in the expression of specific migratory behaviour, yet our knowledge of its molecular bases remains limited. In this thesis, I try to explore in more detail the extent of genes affecting migratory behaviour. Studies on a wide range of species and taxa have found several genes that influence various aspects of migratory behaviour. Here, I tested for associations between candidate genes and migratory behaviour under various conditions in order to determine whether genetic effects are consistent throughout populations, migratory traits and environmental conditions. For doing this, I used a bird species that previously has been used as a model for migration studies: the European blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla, Linneaus 1758). On the Iberian Peninsula, this species has populations with all possible migratory strategies, resident, partially migratory, completely migratory. Having such a wide range of behaviours within one species on a small geographical scale makes it a very interesting model to study the effects of genes on migratory behaviour, since it eliminates cross-species comparative noise and allows us to minimize a number of other factors potentially confounded in large-scale studies like, for instance, geographic variation due to gene flow and colonization history. I investigated possible associations between genes and migratory behaviour using a set of candidate genes, three of which have been related to circadian behaviour (CLOCK, ADCYAP1 and NPAS2) and one related to harm avoidance behaviour (SERT). I tested for associations between these genes and migration in three different sets of samples, covering different levels (populational and individual) and different components of migratory behaviour: (a) Samples that were collected in the field in 21 Iberian populations. Migration status of each population was determined using wing measurements and data on presence and absence in winter. (b) Birds of 3 populations displaying marked differences in migratory tendency in the field. Individuals were kept in cages, where migratory restlessness was measured in a controlled environment. (c) Birds from a partially migratory population were monitored in the wild. The migration strategy of each individual bird was determined using ringing and observational data on presence and absence in the area...
Migration is central to the life-history of many animals of all taxa. Heritable genetic differences have been identified as major causes of differences in the expression of specific migratory behaviour, yet our knowledge of its molecular bases remains limited. In this thesis, I try to explore in more detail the extent of genes affecting migratory behaviour. Studies on a wide range of species and taxa have found several genes that influence various aspects of migratory behaviour. Here, I tested for associations between candidate genes and migratory behaviour under various conditions in order to determine whether genetic effects are consistent throughout populations, migratory traits and environmental conditions. For doing this, I used a bird species that previously has been used as a model for migration studies: the European blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla, Linneaus 1758). On the Iberian Peninsula, this species has populations with all possible migratory strategies, resident, partially migratory, completely migratory. Having such a wide range of behaviours within one species on a small geographical scale makes it a very interesting model to study the effects of genes on migratory behaviour, since it eliminates cross-species comparative noise and allows us to minimize a number of other factors potentially confounded in large-scale studies like, for instance, geographic variation due to gene flow and colonization history. I investigated possible associations between genes and migratory behaviour using a set of candidate genes, three of which have been related to circadian behaviour (CLOCK, ADCYAP1 and NPAS2) and one related to harm avoidance behaviour (SERT). I tested for associations between these genes and migration in three different sets of samples, covering different levels (populational and individual) and different components of migratory behaviour: (a) Samples that were collected in the field in 21 Iberian populations. Migration status of each population was determined using wing measurements and data on presence and absence in winter. (b) Birds of 3 populations displaying marked differences in migratory tendency in the field. Individuals were kept in cages, where migratory restlessness was measured in a controlled environment. (c) Birds from a partially migratory population were monitored in the wild. The migration strategy of each individual bird was determined using ringing and observational data on presence and absence in the area...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 06-06-2017