Publication: Química en las regiones de formación estelar galácticas y extragalácticas
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2017-07-28
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El entendimiento que se tiene sobre la astrofísica moderna a través de sus leyes, ecuaciones y magnitudes no hubiera sido posible sin las observaciones realizadas y analizadas a principios del siglo XIX por J. von Fraunhofer (1787-1826) sobre la luz del Sol, la cual cuando atraviesa un espectroscopio (aparato capaz de descomponer la luz en sus colores fundamentales), da lugar a un espectro continuo de luz sobre el cual aparecen superpuestas líneas verticales, que son indicadores de algunos de los elementos químicos de los que está formada nuestra atmósfera solar. Este descubrimiento introdujo un nuevo método de análisis indirecto, que permite conocer la constitución química de las estrellas lejanas y clasificarlas. La astrofísica también estudia la composición y la estructura de la materia interestelar, nubes de gases y polvo que ocupan amplias zonas del espacio y que en una época eran consideradas absolutamente vacías. A día de hoy conocemos que esas zonas, ocultas a longitudes de onda visible, son verdaderos viveros de formación estelar. Tampoco es reciente el estudio del medio interestelar. Comenzó con el advenimiento de las nuevas técnicas observacionales que permitían observar a altas frecuencias. Hasta casi los años 40, las investigaciones estaban restringidas a lo que se podía obtener de las ondas electromagnéticas en el rango óptico. En un principio, los astrónomos, se basaban en observaciones de forma visual, sin ningún instrumento. Más tarde se empezaron a utilizar los telescopios ópticos. Ambos métodos estaban muy condicionados a la transparencia de la atmósfera, tanto la nuestra como la de la región que se pretendía observar...
The understanding that we have on modern astrophysics through their laws, equations and magnitudes would not have been possible without the observations, made and analyzed in the early nineteenth century by J. von Fraunhofer (1787-1826), on the light of the sun, which it passes through a spectroscope (device able to break down light into its primary colors), and results in a continuous spectrum of light with vertical lines overlapping, which are indicators of some of the chemical elements that appear in our solar atmosphere. This discovery introduced a new method of indirect analysis, which identifies the chemical composition of distant stars and classify them. Astrophysics also studies the composition and structure of the interstellar matter, clouds of gas and dust that occupy large areas of space and that at one time, were considered absolutely empty. Today, we know that these areas, hidden to visible wavelengths, are true nurseries of star formation. Nor is recent study of the interstellar medium. It began with the advent of new observational techniques that allowed us to observe at high frequencies. Almost 40 years ago, investigations were restricted to what could be obtained from electromagnetic waves in the optical range. At first, astronomers were based on visual observations, without any instrument. Later they began using optical telescopes. Both methods were very conditioned to the transparency of the atmosphere...
The understanding that we have on modern astrophysics through their laws, equations and magnitudes would not have been possible without the observations, made and analyzed in the early nineteenth century by J. von Fraunhofer (1787-1826), on the light of the sun, which it passes through a spectroscope (device able to break down light into its primary colors), and results in a continuous spectrum of light with vertical lines overlapping, which are indicators of some of the chemical elements that appear in our solar atmosphere. This discovery introduced a new method of indirect analysis, which identifies the chemical composition of distant stars and classify them. Astrophysics also studies the composition and structure of the interstellar matter, clouds of gas and dust that occupy large areas of space and that at one time, were considered absolutely empty. Today, we know that these areas, hidden to visible wavelengths, are true nurseries of star formation. Nor is recent study of the interstellar medium. It began with the advent of new observational techniques that allowed us to observe at high frequencies. Almost 40 years ago, investigations were restricted to what could be obtained from electromagnetic waves in the optical range. At first, astronomers were based on visual observations, without any instrument. Later they began using optical telescopes. Both methods were very conditioned to the transparency of the atmosphere...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, leída el 02/12/2016