Programas de intervención de estilo de vida para la adquisición de hábitos saludables y prevención de enfermedades cardiometabólicas adaptadas al aislamiento en casa ante la pandemia por la COVID-19: una revisión

Autores/as

  • Fátima Alexia Legarreta Muela Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora
  • Pablo Gor´tares-Moroyoqui Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México
  • Mayra Arias GAstélum Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
  • Araceli Serna Gutiérrez , Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora México.
  • Gabriela Ulloa mercado Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México.
  • Ana Rentería Mexía Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25115/kasp.v3i3.7088

Palabras clave:

estilos de vida, hábitos saludables, enfermedades cardiometabólicas

Resumen

El sobrepeso y la obesidad son los principales factores de riesgo de las enfermedades cardiometabólicas, entre ellas la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. En el año 2016 se reportó que en México el sobrepeso y obesidad afectaba al 72.5% de la población adulta, mientras que en el 2019 se estimó que 10% de la población tenía diabetes. Estas cifras tan alarmantes se deben, entre otros factores, al alto consumo de alimentos no saludables que prevalece en la población mexicana, el bajo nivel de actividad física y factores conductuales como el tabaquismo. Además, durante el último año, el encierro por la pandemia de COVID-19 se ha sumado entre los factores de riesgo de dichas condiciones. Debido a que el estilo de vida es uno de los determinantes de estas enfermedades, se deduce que la intervención en el estilo de vida debe ser una parte fundamental del tratamiento de las mismas. Por lo tanto, esta revisión tiene como objetivo evaluar el estado actual del conocimiento de los programas de intervención en el estilo de vida, así como los componentes claves que conforman dichos programas, que permitan disminuir el riesgo cardiometabólico de la población vulnerable. De acuerdo a los resultados analizados de la eficacia de algunas intervenciones del estilo de vida que han sido reportadas como casos de éxito para la adquisición de hábitos saludables, es clara la necesidad de incluir cada uno de los componentes para lograr el control, prevención o retraso del diagnóstico de enfermedades cardiometabólicas. Sin embargo, hace falta mayor análisis e investigación de programas realizados en condiciones específicas de salud y del grupo de población al que se aplicarían, para evaluar su eficacia en la situación actual que vive la población vulnerable.

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2022-06-28

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Legarreta Muela, F. A., Gor´tares-Moroyoqui, P., Arias GAstélum, M., Serna Gutiérrez, A., Ulloa mercado, G., & Rentería Mexía, A. (2022). Programas de intervención de estilo de vida para la adquisición de hábitos saludables y prevención de enfermedades cardiometabólicas adaptadas al aislamiento en casa ante la pandemia por la COVID-19: una revisión. KNOW AND SHARE PSYCHOLOGY, 3(3), 163–197. https://doi.org/10.25115/kasp.v3i3.7088

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Monográfico: Bienestar y Satisfacción vital en educación