Skip to main content

Abstract

All ships acquire a dynamic trim and sinkage when they are in motion. These dynamic parameters depend on the hull shape and the velocity. The ship at rest already has a specific trim, the difference between the draft forward and the draft aft, due to its loading condition. Once in motion, and because of the pressure distribution along the hull, the ship reaches a new equilibrium condition, which is stationary if the ship’s velocity is kept constant and no sea state is considered. Although there are many publications devoted to optimizing the trim to obtain the minimum drag, the same cannot be said regarding the sinkage that appears to have been forgotten from any consideration. This work is dedicated to analyzing the sinkage phenomenon that the ship suffers when it is in motion. The aim is to quantify the prejudicial effect that the sinkage has over the drag resistance, both from the numerical and experimental points of view. Finally, the last purpose is to evaluate the effect of the hull shape on this phenomenon, whose assessment allows for the reaching of a hull shape optimization.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Biran, A.B., López-Pulido, R.: Ship Hydrostatics and Stability, 2nd edn. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lewis, E.V.: Principles of Naval Architecture, Volume II: Resistance, Propulsion and Vibration, 1st edn. Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME), Jersey City (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ferrando, M., Benedetti, L., Derradji, A., Johnson, B., Kobayashi, K., Morabito, M.G., Pérez-Rojas, L., Sena Sales, L., van Rijsbergen, M., Woodward, M., Park, J.T.: Dictionary of hydromechanics. In: 27th International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC), pp. 1–113. ITTC, Copenhagen (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Taylor, D.W.: The Speed and Power of Ships: A Manual of Marine Propulsion, 1st edn. Wiley, New York (1943)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Saunders, H.E.: Hydrodynamics in Ship Design, vol. I, 1st edn. Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME), New York (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Lv, X., Wu, X., Sun, J., Tu, H.: Trim Optimization of Ship by a Potential-Based Panel Method. Adv. Mech. Eng. 5, 1–7 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Iakovatos, M.N., Liarokapis, D.E., Tzabiras, G.D.: Experimental investigation of the trim influence on the resistance characteristics of five ship models. In: Soares, C.G., López-Peña, F. (eds.) Developments in Marine Transportation and Exploitation of Sea Resources: IMAM 2013, vol. 1, pp. 23–32. Taylor & Francis Group, Abingdon, UK (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Sherbaz, S., Duan, W.: Ship trim optimization: assessment of influence of trim on resistance of MOERI container ship. Sci. World J. 2014, 1–6 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Sun, J., Tu, H., Chen, Y., Xie, D., Zhou, J.: A study on trim optimization for a container ship based on effects due to resistance. J. Ship Res. 60(1), 30–47 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Box, G.E.P., Wilson, K.B.: On the experimental attainment of optimum conditions. J. Roy. Stat. Soc.: Ser. B (Methodol.) 13(1), 1–45 (1951)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Reichel, M., Minchev, A., Larsen, N.L.: Trim optimisation—theory and practice. Int. J. Mar. Navig. Saf. Sea Transp. (TransNav) 8(3), 387–392 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yang, C., Löhner, R., Noblesse, F., Huang, T.T.: Calculations of ship sinkage and trim using a finite element and unstructured grids. Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 16(3), 217–277 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Saha, G.K., Suzuki, K., Kai, H.: Hydrodynamic optimization of ship hull forms in shallow water. J. Mar. Sci. Technol. 9(2), 51–62 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Hino, T., Carrica, P., Broglia, R., Bull, P., Kim, S.-E., Li, D.-Q., Wan, D., Rhee, S.-H., Saisto, I., Viola, I. M.: Specialist committee on CFD and marine hydrodynamics: Final report and recommendations to the 27th ITTC. In: 27th International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC), pp. 522–567. ITTC, Copenhagen (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Valle-Cabezas, J.: Estudio Teórico Experimental de las No Linealidades del Amortiguamiento en el Movimiento de Balance de Buques (Theoric and Experimental Study of the Roll Damping Non-Linearities). Ph.D. Thesis. ETSI Navales—Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Toby, S.A.: The mystery of sinkage and trim for high performance craft. In: The 5th Chesapeake Power Boat Symposium, pp. 1–18. Chesapeake Power Boat Symposium, Annapolis, Maryland (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Star-CCM + User Guide, https://thesteveportal.plm.automation.siemens.com/, last accessed 12 December 2017

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luis Pérez-Rojas .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Pérez-Rojas, L., Oliva-Remola, A., Goicoechea, M. (2019). On the Sinkage of Ships. In: Vega Sáenz, A., Pereira, N., Carral Couce, L., Fraguela Formoso, J. (eds) Proceedings of the 25th Pan-American Conference of Naval Engineering—COPINAVAL. COPINAVAL 2017. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89812-4_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89812-4_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-89811-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-89812-4

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics