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The continuous changes in the aetiology and epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: from familiar Candida albicans to multiresistant Candida auris

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Abstract

Recent changes in the aetiology and epidemiology of invasive candidiasis have serious implications for current and future diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. The aim of the current review was to discuss the epidemiology of invasive candidiasis, the distribution of Candida species in different regions of the world, the medical concerns of the changing aetiology and the emergence of antifungal resistance. Overall burden of invasive candidiasis remains high, especially in vulnerable persons, such as the elderly, immunosuppressed or debilitated patients. Moreover, there is a progressive shift in the aetiology of invasive candidiasis from Candida albicans to other species of Candida, probably related to the increased use of azole drugs with a clear trend towards increased antifungal resistance. Finally, the emergence and rise of multiresistant species, such as Candida auris or Candida glabrata, is a major threat making necessary invasive candidiasis worldwide surveillances. These changes have serious implications for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of invasive candidiasis. Updated knowledge of the current local epidemiology of invasive candidiasis is critical for the clinical management.

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Funding

GQ, CMA, RSM, EM and EE have received research grant support from the Consejería de Educación, Universidades e Investigación del Gobierno Vasco-Eusko Jaurlaritza (GIC15 78 IT-990-16), the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España, MINECO (SAF2017-86188-P), and the Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU (UFI 11/25).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Micología médica, UFI 11/25, Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Apartado 699, 48080, Bilbao, Spain

    Guillermo Quindós, Cristina Marcos-Arias, Rosario San-Millán, Estibaliz Mateo & Elena Eraso

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  1. Guillermo Quindós
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  2. Cristina Marcos-Arias
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  3. Rosario San-Millán
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  4. Estibaliz Mateo
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  5. Elena Eraso
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guillermo Quindós.

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Conflict of Interest

We have no specific conflicts of interest related to the current manuscript but declare the following: GQ has received research grants from Astellas Pharma, Pfizer, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Scynexis. GQ has served on advisory/consultant boards for Merck, Sharp & Dohme, and Scynexis, and he has received speaker honoraria from Abbvie, Astellas Pharma, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pfizer, and Scynexis.

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Quindós, G., Marcos-Arias, C., San-Millán, R. et al. The continuous changes in the aetiology and epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: from familiar Candida albicans to multiresistant Candida auris. Int Microbiol 21, 107–119 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-018-0014-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-018-0014-1

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