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Glucomannan and glucomannan plus spirulina added to pork significantly block dietary cholesterol effects on lipoproteinemia, arylesterase activity, and CYP7A1 expression in Zucker fa/fa rats

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Abstract

Zucker fa/fa rats easily develop dyslipidemia and obesity. Restructured pork (RP) is a suitable matrix for including functional ingredients. The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15 % control-RP (C), 15 % glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15 % glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4 % cholesterol and 0.49 % cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. C diet induced obesity, severe hyperglycemia, moderate hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Those facts were not significantly modified by G or GS diets. G diet increased CYP7A1 expression but decreased the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) vs. C diet. GS vs. G diet increased (p < 0.05) CYP7A1 expression. HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). HG and HGS diets vs. HC noticeably reduced lipidemia (p < 0.001), normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition, and increased CYP7A1 expression (p < 0.01) but did not modify the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio. HGS vs. HG decreased triglyceridemia, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity (p < 0.05). In conclusion, G- and GS-RP act as functional foods and notably blocked the dietary cholesterol effects. In addition, HGS-RP improved the glucomannan hypolipidemic effects, increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity, and decreased insulin resistance.

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Abbreviations

AE:

Arylesterase

CYP7A1:

Cytochrome P450 7 A1

HDL:

High density lipoproteins

IDL:

Intermediate density lipoproteins

LDL:

Low density lipoproteins

MS:

Metabolic syndrome

RP:

Restructured pork

TAG:

Triglycerides

TyG:

Triglyceride-glucose index

VLDL:

Very low density lipoproteins

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by Spanish projects AGL-2011-29644-C02-02, AGL2014-53207-C2-2-R and Consolider Ingenio 2010 project # CSD2007-00016. We gratefully acknowledge the foreign fellowship for graduate studies granted by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) of México to Laura González-Torres.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n., 28040, Madrid, Spain

      Laura González-Torres, Miguel Vázquez-Velasco, Raúl Olivero-David, Sara Bastida & Francisco J. Sánchez-Muniz

    2. Departamento de Farmacología. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain

      Juana Benedí

    3. Centro de Análisis Sanitarios Clínicos de la UCM. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain

      Rafaela Raposo González

    4. Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

      Mª José González-Muñoz

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    1. Laura González-Torres
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    2. Miguel Vázquez-Velasco
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    Correspondence to Francisco J. Sánchez-Muniz.

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    Laura González-Torres and Miguel Vázquez-Velasco contributed equally to this work.

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    González-Torres, L., Vázquez-Velasco, M., Olivero-David, R. et al. Glucomannan and glucomannan plus spirulina added to pork significantly block dietary cholesterol effects on lipoproteinemia, arylesterase activity, and CYP7A1 expression in Zucker fa/fa rats. J Physiol Biochem 71, 773–784 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-015-0441-9

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