Publication: Electricidad e industria en la España rural: el Irati, 1904-1961
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2006
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Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto Laureano Figuerola: Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales
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Abstract
El estudio del Irati pretende mostrar algunos de los comportamientos empresariales
que se esconden detrás de las primeras fases del desarrollo eléctrico español
y, a su vez, establecer nuevas preguntas sobre los factores y condicionamientos
de los procesos regionales de industrialización. De hecho, esta firma representa
una de las múltiples posibilidades abiertas por la electricidad en una región
española no industrializada a principios del siglo XX. La producción eléctrica
generada en sus saltos explica la creación del mayor complejo industrial integrado
en España alrededor de la primera transformación de la madera (serrerías y
destilación química) y su comercialización (ferrocarril), al tiempo que la venta de
sus excedentes energéticos en el mercado más importante de Navarra. El análisis
de esta última actividad, además, permite ofrecer un modelo explicativo alternativo
y complementario al clásico —realizado desde las mayores firmas—, sobre la progresiva articulación de los mercados eléctricos tradicionales en los mercados
integrados de las grandes compañías españolas.
The study of the Irati hydroelectric company aims to show some of the business strategies behind the first stages of the development of electricity in Spain and, in turn, pose new questions regarding the factors and conditioning elements of the country’s regional industrialization processes. In fact, this firm represents one of the many possibilities electricity brought to non-industrialized Spanish regions at the start of the 20th century. The electricity generated by its falls explains the creation of Spain’s largest integrated industrial complex built up around the initial processing of timber (saw-mills and chemical distilling) and its commercialization (railways), along with the sale of its energy surpluses on the most important market in the region of Navarre. Furthermore, the analysis of this latter activity allows us to offer an explanatory model that is both an alternative and a complement to the classical model —that provided by the largest firms— concerning the progressive incorporation of the traditional electrical markets into the integrated markets of the major Spanish companies.
The study of the Irati hydroelectric company aims to show some of the business strategies behind the first stages of the development of electricity in Spain and, in turn, pose new questions regarding the factors and conditioning elements of the country’s regional industrialization processes. In fact, this firm represents one of the many possibilities electricity brought to non-industrialized Spanish regions at the start of the 20th century. The electricity generated by its falls explains the creation of Spain’s largest integrated industrial complex built up around the initial processing of timber (saw-mills and chemical distilling) and its commercialization (railways), along with the sale of its energy surpluses on the most important market in the region of Navarre. Furthermore, the analysis of this latter activity allows us to offer an explanatory model that is both an alternative and a complement to the classical model —that provided by the largest firms— concerning the progressive incorporation of the traditional electrical markets into the integrated markets of the major Spanish companies.
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Historia empresarial, Industrialización, Empresas eléctricas, Mercados eléctricos, Integración vertical, España, siglo XX, Business History, Industrialization, Electric Utilities, Electricity Markets, Vertical Integration, 20th Century, Twentieth Century
Bibliographic citation
Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History, Año XXIV, primavera 2006, n. 1, pp. 97-138