Resumen de 3d structured graphenes as (photo)catalysts
Nowadays, the high energy consumption and the increase of the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere have made it necessary to search for new options for the current processes. One possible answer has been the use of solar radiation to produce H2 from the overall photocatalytic water splitting or the photoreduction of CO2, by emulating nature. In this context, carbon-based materials, which are more abundant and accessible than metals and metal oxides, are proposed as catalysts.
In addition, a point to take into account is the morphology, since making use of the so-called "confinement effect" of 3D materials significantly improves their catalytic capacity.
This is the reason why, in this Doctoral Thesis, the possibility of obtaining graphene materials with three-dimensional structuring has been developed, presenting micropores in which this confinement effect takes place. In this way, these materials have been able to promote both the oxidation reaction of benzylamine and the photocatalytic reaction of obtaining H2 from water and the reduction of CO2. Specifically, the materials have been obtained, on the one hand, by using template agents and the coating capacity of natural polysaccharides such as chitosan; and on the other hand, without template agents, taking advantage of the structure of cyclodextrins as precursors of microporous graphene. In addition, the latter materials have been doped with heteroatoms, specifically phosphorus, to improve the photocatalytic activity of these carbon-based microporous materials.
