Resumen de Employment over the life course as a determinant of health: evidence from the working life social security (works) cohort study based on the continuous working life sample (CWLS)
Antecedentes: Una economía altamente globalizada ha causado recientes cambios en el mercado laboral que han modificado condiciones de trabajo y de empleo, ambas importantes determinantes de la salud. Es necesario tener acceso a datos longitudinales sobre el empleo de las personas para poder estudiar las consecuencias de estos cambios y la exposición acumulada a los mismos. Métodos: Hemos contruído una cohorte longitudinal con muestras representativas y transversales del 4% de miembros de la seguridad social en España de 2004 a 2013. La muestra inició con 1.022.779 individuos en 2004 y contiene información sobre empleo y pensiones. Analizamos la asociación de empleo, desempleo e inactividad sobre la mortalidad de trabajadores con al menos 10 años de historia laboral. También hemos estimado la aplicabilidad de la técnica estadística de modelos de clases latentes (latent growth modeling) (LGM) para contruir trayectorias laborales heterogeneas. Resultados: Se encontró asociación entre estar empleado durante un mayor tiempo en la vida laboral y un menor riesgo de mortalidad. Más tiempo en desempleo e inactividad y más episodios en cualqueira de estos dos estados se encontró asociado con un mayor riesgo de mortalidad en hombres solamente, las asociaciones fueron más fuertes en trabajadores temporales. El método estadístico LGM fue adecuado para la construcción de diferentes trayectorias laborales para su uso en el análisis de historia laboral y salud. Los resultados de esta tesis tienen el potencial de ayudar a planificar políticas sociales y laborales que protejan a los trabajdores en el cambio de empleo estable a flexible. También esclarecen sobre los efectos acumulados de condiciones de empleo sobre la salud.
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