Se analizo la calidad de sedimentos de cuatro puertos chilenos con diferentes actividades de cabotaje, en funcion del contenido de materia organica (MOT), hidrocarburos aromaticos policiclicos (HAPs), metales traza (Cd, Pb y Cu) y toxicidad no especifica. MOT se analizo por ignicion, metales por polarografia, HAPs por GC-MS y la toxicidad no especifica aplicando la tecnica de fecundacion (USEPA 1988). Los puertos de Iquique, San Vicente y Talcahuano presentaron sedimentos fangosos con alta concentracion de MOT (ca. 12%). San Vicente presento las mayores concentraciones de HAPs (18.930 ¿Êg kg-1 de benzo(b)fluoranteno; 10.820 ¿Êg kg-1 de benzo(a)antraceno y 8.550 ¿Êg kg-1 de benzo(a)pireno) e Iquique las mayores concentraciones de metales (20 ¿Êg g-1 Cd; 370 ¿Êg g-1 Pb and 514 ¿Êg g-1 Cu). Puerto Patache mostro sedimentos con arena fina, bajos contenidos de MOT, metales y HAPs. Los ensayos de toxicidad indicaron diferencias significativas respecto de los controles. El indice de contaminacion urbana e industrial (ICUI) referido al contenido de metales, revelo como mas contaminados a Iquique y Talcahuano; en cambio el indice de adicion de HAPs a San Vicente (IA HAPs), al igual que la toxicidad. Se postula que sinergias entre los contaminantes, mas que los contenidos de cada uno de ellos, serian los responsables de la toxicidad de los sedimentos.
Sediment quality was analyzed for total organic matter (TOM), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), trace metals (Cd, Pb, and Cu), and non-specific toxicity at four Chilean ports with different cabotage activities. TOM was analyzed by ignition, metals by polarography, PAHs by GCMS, and non-specific toxicity with the fecundation technique (USEPA 1988). The ports at Iquique, San Vicente, and Talcahuano had muddy sediments with high TOM concentrations (ca. 12%). PAHs concentrations were highest at San Vicente (18,930 ìg kg-1 benzo(b)fluorantene; 10,820 ìg kg-1 benzo(a)anthracene; 8,550 ìg kg-1 benzo(a)pyrene), whereas metal concentrations were greatest at Iquique (20 ìg g-1 Cd; 370 ìg g-1 Pb; 514 ìg g-1 Cu). The sediments at the Patache port were fine sand with low TOM, metal, and PAHs contents. The toxicity assays differed significantly from the controls. Iquique and Talcahuano were the most polluted sites in terms of metal contents according to the ICUI (Urban and Industrial Contamination Index) and San Vicente was the most affected in terms of this index and the PAHs Addition Index (IA HAPs). We propose that synergies between the pollutants, more than the contents of each one of these, are responsible for the toxicity of the sediments.
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