Exclusión social y pandemia: la experiencia de las personas en situación de sinhogarismo
- Autores: Iria Noa de la Fuente Roldán, Esteban Sánchez Moreno
- Localización: Empiria: Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales, ISSN 1139-5737, Nº 58, 2023, págs. 123-153
- Idioma: español
- Enlaces
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Resumen
- español
El sinhogarismo constituye una forma extrema de exclusión social que, aunque presente de manera universal en el seno de las sociedades contemporáneas, ha tendido a ser invisibilizada. Esta falta de visibilidad quedó de nuevo en evidencia ante las medidas puestas en marcha para hacer frente a la COVID-19. Aunque desde el inicio de la situación de emergencia sanitaria surgieron diferentes investigaciones que profundizaban en el impacto de la COVID-19 sobre la población española, son escasas las propuestas que se han dedicado a analizar el impacto específico de la pandemia entre las personas en situación de sinhogarismo. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como objeto analizar las experiencias vividas por las personas en situación de sinhogarismo durante el confinamiento y pandemia, profundizando en el impacto específico que la crisis de la COVID-19 ha tenido en la realidad de esta ciudadanía. La investigación parte de un diseño metodológico mixto mediante el uso de la encuesta a través de cuestionario y la entrevista en profundidad semiestructurada. Por un lado, el cuestionario ha sido administrado a una muestra de 641 personas en situación “sin hogar”. Por otro lado, 18 personas en situación de sinhogarismo han participado en las entrevistas. Los resultados confirman que el lugar en el que pasaron el confinamiento resulta fundamental para entender las experiencias de las personas participantes. Además, se apunta que las experiencias negativas vividas por las personas en situación de sinhogarismo fueron consecuencia de las medidas desarrolladas para hacer frente a la pandemia y evitar los contagios, especialmente aquellas relacionadas con el cierre de servicios donde atendían a sus necesidades básicas. Esto es especialmente significativo considerando las transformaciones que las respuestas a la emergencia sanitaria han impuesto en algunas dimensiones de sus vidas. Asimismo, los resultados permiten concluir que las desigualdades sociales preexistentes han tenido un papel central en el impacto de la pandemia en la ciudadanía, con consecuencias especialmente severas para las personas afectadas por la exclusión social extrema.
Homelessness is an extreme form of social exclusion which, although universally present in contemporary societies, has tended to be invisible. This lack of visibility has once again been highlighted by the measures put in place to tackle COVID-19. Although since the onset of the health emergency there have been various research studies that have examined the impact of COVID-19 on the Spanish population, few proposals have been devoted to analysing the specific impact of the pandemic on homeless people. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to analyse the experiences of homeless people during the confinement and pandemic, delving into the specific impact that the COVID-19 crisis has had on the reality of these citizens. The research is based on a mixed methodological design using a questionnaire survey and a semi-structured in-depth interview. On the one hand, the questionnaire was administered to a sample of 641 homeless people. On the other hand, 18 homeless people participated in the interviews. The results confirm that the place where they were confined is fundamental to understanding the experiences of the participants. Furthermore, it is noted that the negative experiences of homeless people were a consequence of the measures put in place to cope with the pandemic and prevent contagion, especially those related to the closure of services where their basic needs were met. This is especially significant considering the transformations that the responses to the health emergency have imposed on some dimensions of their lives. The results also allow us to conclude that pre-existing social inequalities have played a significant role in the impact of the pandemic on citizens, with particularly severe consequences for people affected by extreme social exclusion.
- English
Homelessness is an extreme form of social exclusion which, although universally present in contemporary societies, has tended to be invisible. This lack of visibility has once again been highlighted by the measures put in place to tackle COVID-19. Although since the onset of the health emergency there have been various research studies that have examined the impact of COVID-19 on the Spanish population, few proposals have been devoted to analysing the specific impact of the pandemic on homeless people. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to analyse the experiences of homeless people during the confinement and pandemic, delving into the specific impact that the COVID-19 crisis has had on the reality of these citizens. The research is based on a mixed methodological design using a questionnaire survey and a semi-structured in-depth interview. On the one hand, the questionnaire was administered to a sample of 641 homeless people. On the other hand, 18 homeless people participated in the interviews. The results confirm that the place where they were confined is fundamental to understanding the experiences of the participants. Furthermore, it is noted that the negative experiences of homeless people were a consequence of the measures put in place to cope with the pandemic and prevent contagion, especially those related to the closure of services where their basic needs were met. This is especially significant considering the transformations that the responses to the health emergency have imposed on some dimensions of their lives. The results also allow us to conclude that pre-existing social inequalities have played a significant role in the impact of the pandemic on citizens, with particularly severe consequences for people affected by extreme social exclusion.
- español
