Madrid, España
Gran Canaria, España
Los desprendimientos en carreteras son un peligro para los usuarios y se invierten muchos recursos en su mantenimiento y protección. En laderas volcánicas, el riesgo de inestabilidad es alto por las escarpadas pendientes. Este trabajo determina la influencia de las propiedades geomecánicas que afectan al desprendimiento y la efectividad de los criterios de diseño de cunetas, mediante un retroanálisis en 11 cuencas torrenciales con diferente configuración de pendiente, 4 tipos de materiales y 4 combinaciones de tamaño y forma de bloque. El análisis muestra una correlación entre la distancia de parada del bloque y su densidad, dureza, redondez y tamaño. Sin embargo, la distribución de la acumulación de bloques difiere con la dureza de la roca. Además, se proponen mapas con el porcentaje de acumulación de bloques que ofrecen un índice de peligrosidad asociado al diseño de las carreteras existentes. Este índice permite validar la idoneidad de las cunetas existentes y mejorar las medidas de defensa no estructural con reducido impacto ambiental y coste en territorios volcánicos insulares.
Rockfalls on transport infrastructures are a serious hazard to users and many resources are invested in rock slope mainte- nance, stabilization, and protective measures. In volcanic territories, the risk of rock instabilities and rockfalls is very high due to the rugged natural slopes and origin of rock masses. With the aim of determining the influence of the geometric and material-related properties affecting rockfall motion and the effectiveness of catchment area design criteria, this preliminary study has been carried out in Gran Canaria and applies a back-analysis considering 11 torrential basins with a different slope configurations, 4 types of materials and 4 size and shape combinations of falling rocks. A statistical analysis of the rock stop-distances was performed. Results show that density, hardness, roundness and size are material properties directly corre- lated with the rockfall stop-distance. However, block accumulation distribution differs with the rock hardness. Furthermore, a practical maps with a block accumulation percentage are proposed for the local infrastructure planning and design tasks.
These maps offer a hazard index associated with the current design of existing roads based on the relationship between the optimal stopping distance and the accumulated percentage retained along the path, complying with specific retention require- ments. These maps offer the dangerous associated with the current design of existing roads depending on the relation between the optimal stop-distance and the cumulative percentage retained along the trajectory, complying with specific retention requirements. This index allows validating the suitability of existing ditches and improving non-structural defense measures with reduced environmental impact and cost in volcanic territories.
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