Resumen de Romany women and ethnic barriers to institutionalized education: A case study of Brazilian Romany communities in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo
Romany study experts such as Donald Kenrick, Ian Hancock, Thomas Acton, Jean Pierre Liégeois, Leonardo Piasere, Anne Sutherland, Angus Fraiser, Judith Okeley, and numerous others denounce the repeated expulsions and frequent persecutions of Romany people [often misnamed as Gypsies] along their historic trails, especially in Europe, including their enslavement in Romania since the fourteenth century until 1864, and genocide in several European countries during the Holocaust. In Brazil, descendants of Romany people who fled the Holocaust often hide their ethnic identity so as to avoid a possible repetition of the discrimination experienced in the past. This is not unlike the Romany people’s voluntary ethnic invisibility in the United States, where Romany people are largely unknown to the majority population, yet regularly targeted by the police and other law enforcement authorities.
