Resumen de Grado de conocimiento y aptitud para la aplicación de las precauciones de aislamiento en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel

Rafael Díaz Peña, Jaime Alberto Irissont Durán, Juan Carlos Barrera de León

• español

  Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de conocimiento de precauciones de aislamiento y aptitud para aplicación por personal de salud.

  Material y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel, se aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas estructuradas y casos clínicos a personal de salud. Estadística descriptiva con frecuencias y proporciones para variables cualitativas y medianas y rangos para cuantitativas. Comparación de proporciones con chi cuadrado. Asociación con razón de momios (OR) para la búsqueda de factores asociados al deficiente conocimiento y aplicación de las precauciones de aislamiento. Resultados:

  Se incluyeron 131 trabajadores: médicos n = 34 (26%), residentes n = 47 (36%), enfermeras n = 48 (37%), jefes n  =  2 (1%).

  Conocimiento deficiente 99 (75%), regular 22 (17%), adecuado 10 (8%). Aptitud deficiente 66 (51%), regular 33 (25%), adecuado 32 (24%). Asociación a poco conocimiento: médico OR 0.17 (0.005-0.54) p = 0.001, licenciatura OR 0.37 (0.16-0.83) p = 0.01, antigüedad < 5 años OR 0.35 (0.14-0.86) p = 0.019, capacitación en último año OR 0.09 (0.03-0.24) p = 0.005. Asociación a poca aptitud: médico OR 0.25 (0.12-0.55) p = 0.005, licenciatura OR 0.38 (0.18-0.80) p = 0.009, antigüedad < 5 años OR 0.90 (0.45-1.81) p = 0.78, capacitación último año OR 0.23 (0.10-0.51) p = 0.005. Conclusiones: Ser médico, tener licenciatura, antigüedad < 5 años, capacitación en último año se asociaron a buen conocimiento y aplicación de precauciones.

• English

  Objective: To assess the level of knowledge of and capability for application of isolation precautions. Materials and Methods:

  A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary-level pediatric hospital, and a questionnaire including structured questions and clinical scenarios was applied to healthcare personnel. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed with the chisquared test and odds ratios were obtained. Results: A total of 131 healthcare workers participated in the study, including 34 (26%) attending physicians, 47 (36%) medical residents, 48 (37%) nurses, and 2 (1%) physicians who were heads of the department.

  According to our definition, 99 (75%) had poor, 22 (17%) had fair, and 10 (8%), good knowledge. With regard to the capability for application of isolation precautions, 66 (51%), 33 (25%), and 32 (24%) possessed poor, fair, and good levels, respectively.

  Association with poor knowledge was exhibited as follows: physicians, OR: 0.17 (0.005-0.54), p = 0.001; undergraduate degree in medicine, OR: 0.37 (0.16-0.83), p = 0.01; seniority < 5 years, OR: 0.35 (0.14-0.86), p = 0.019, and training during previous year, OR: 0.09 (0.03-0.24), p = 0.005, while association with poor capability was the following; physician, OR: 0.25 (0.12-0.55), p = 0.005; undergraduate degree in medicine, OR: 0.38 (0.18-0.80), p = 0.009; seniority < 5 years, OR: 0.90 (0.45-1.81), p = 0.78, and training during previous year, OR: 0.23 (0.10-0.51), p = 0.005. Conclusions: Being a physician, having an undergraduate degree in medicine, < 5 years working at the hospital, and having received training in the previous year were positively associated with knowledge and application of isolation precautions. (Gac Med Mex. 2015;151:567-75) Corresponding author: Juan Carlos Barrera de León, jcbarrer@hotmail.com