Resumen de Preferencias de rol en la toma de decisiones clínicas: Diferencias de género

Mercedes Guilabert Mora, José Joaquín Mira Solves, Susana Lorenzo Martínez, Virtudes Pérez Jover, Irene Carrillo Murcia

• español

  Marco teórico: determinar a partir de las declaraciones de los/as pacientes si existen diferencias de género en la información proporcionada por el profesional para facilitar la participación del paciente en las decisiones clínicas. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. Encuesta telefónica a 700 pacientes atendidos en hospitales y centros de salud del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Se preguntó a los pacientes sobre la información proporcionada por el médico y la actitud mantenida por el mismo durante la consulta. Resultados: Respondieron 687 pacientes (68,7%), 54,6% atendidos en hospitales y 45,4% en atención primaria. Encontramos diferencias en la mayor frecuencia con que los pacientes varones son informados, en atención primaria, de alternativas terapéuticas; y en la proporción de hombres dados de alta hospitalaria que afirmaron que pensaban que lo mejor era dejar la decisión en manos de su médico. Dichas diferencias sólo se mantienen en el grupo de pacientes menores de 30 años. Conclusiones: Los pacientes varones de atención primaria se consideran mejor informados sobre alternativas terapéuticas que las pacientes mujeres.

• English

  Theoretical Framework: to determine possible gender differences on access to clinical information provided by health care professionals according to patients’ declarations. Methods: transversal descriptive observational study. A telephone survey was conducted interviewing 700 patients who attended hospitals and health care centers of the National Health System, randomly selected of patients attended during the previous 3 months.

  Sample size calculated for an error of 3%, p=q=0,5 and a confidence interval of 99%, considering independent sample sizes for hospitals and health care centers. 6 questions were analyzed from patients´ perspective on the information facilitated by the MD and his/her attitude during the consultation. Relations among categorical variables were analyzed using Chi-square, considering gender and location (hospital vs primary health care centers). Results: 687 patients (68,7%) answered the interview, 54,6% from hospitals and 45,4% from primary health centers.

  Differences were found: male patients who attended primary health care centers were informed on therapeutic alternatives; a greater proportion of males who received discharge considered that they preferred to leave the medical decision on their MD. When the answers were analyzed according to the age group, we only found those differences on the group of patients younger than 30 years.

  Conclusions: Male patients in primary health care consider themselves informed compared to those female patients. Young female patients consider that they don´t have the same opportunities tan male patients to participate in clinical decision making and look forward to increase their participation in clinical decision making during consultation.