La resolución de una crisis bancaria supone uno de los retos más exigentes para el gobierno de cualquier país, especialmente porque un rescate a la banca implica un coste para el contribuyente. Entre los diversos mecanismos para acometerla, está la opción del denominado "banco malo". Una sociedad creada específicamente para gestionar los activos problemáticos procedentes de las entidades financieras intervenidas o ayudadas como parte del proceso de saneamiento del sector bancario. Su diseño y estrategia constituyen elementos clave para que sea exitosa. La experiencia de los bancos malos creados en crisis pasadas ayuda a definir ciertos parámetros que pueden contribuir a su éxito, aunque un resultado óptimo no está garantizado por la complejidad del proceso y su dependencia de la evolución económico-financiera del país.
Banking crisis resolution is a challenge for every country due to the importance of financial stability for economic growth and because of the moral hazard generated by the usage of tax payer money. Among the various available mechanism for crisis resolution, the stablishment of an asset management company (AMC, commonly known as "bad bank") is one of the available options. The AMC is a company whose main activity is to manage the toxic assets spun off from financial institutions that were nationalised or received government assistance as part of the restructuring process of the financial system. The design and execution of its strategy are key elements in its success. The experience of past AMCs helps in order to define the key parameters for success of this type of entities, but the optimal outcome is not guaranteed by the complexity of the process and its dependence on own economic and financial developments.
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