História de aquisiçao do comportamento em um múltiplo FR-DRL: diferenciaçao e estabilidade das taxas de respostas

• Autores: Tatiany Honório Porto Aoki, Murilo Nogueira Ramos, Carlos Eduardo Costa
• Localización: Acta comportamentalia: revista latina de análisis del comportamiento, ISSN 0188-8145, Vol. 19, Nº. 3, 2011, págs. 281-306
• Idioma: portugués
• Títulos paralelos:
  • History of response acquisition on a multiple FR-DRL schedule of reinforcement: differentiation and stability of response rates
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• Resumen
  • English

    Discrepancies in schedule performance are commonly observed between humans and non-humans. Three hypotheses are proposed to explain these discrepancies: verbal behavior, behavioral history and procedural variables. Various studies have been reported in which the effects of procedural variables on response rates have been assessed. One such variable is the history of acquisition of behavior in multiple schedules of reinforcement. With non-humans, the criterion generally used to change the components of the multiple schedule is the number of reinforcers, and with humans, components are generally changed after a fixed interval, independent of the organism’s performance. The goal of the present study was to assess the effects of different histories of acquisition in a multiple fixed-ratio(FR) differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule on (a) the differentiation in response rates and (b) on the time (measured in minutes and number of sessions) for stable response rates min each component to be achieved. Twenty undergraduates participated, and were distributed in four groups. The response was pressing a button on the screen with the mouse cursor.

    For participants in Group 1, the parameters of the DRL were incremented within sessions, from 2 s until 20 s, and subsequently the parameters of the FR were increased from 10 until 60. For the participants in Group 2, the parameters of both schedules were incremented simultaneously, within sessions. For participants in Groups 3 and 4, the increments in the parameters of the schedule components were always conducted across sessions and the difference between these groups was the criterion for changing the components of the multiple schedule. For participants in Group 3, schedules components changed after 10 points were earned and for those in Group 4, changes in components occurred after 3 minutes had elapsed. The differentiation in response rates between components of the multiple schedule was achieved with each of these ways of arranging the acquisition of responding. In general, the different ways in which acquisition was programmed did not affect the time necessary to achieve stability in responding in a multiple FR-DRL (behavior was stable for participants in each group within a maximum of 9 sessions). Maintenance of this stability, with continued exposure to the schedule of reinforcement, also was not a function of the history of acquisition.

  • português

    Estudou-se o efeito de diferentes histórias de aquisição, em um programa de reforço múltiplo FR-DRL, sobre a diferenciação nas taxas de respostas e sobre o tempo necessário (em minutos e número de sessões) para que a taxa de respostas atingisse estabilidade. Estudantes universitários foram distribuídos em quatro grupos com diferentes histórias de aquisição: Grupo 1- Incremento intra-sessão e não simultâneo do FR e do DRL (incremento primeiro do DRL e depois do FR); Grupo 2-Incremento intra-sessão e simultâneo do FR e do DRL; Grupo 3-Incremento do FR e do DRL inter-sessão e Grupo 4-Incremento dos FR e do DRL inter-sessão, com a diferença de que o critério para mudança de componente de tempo fixo (3 minutos) para esse grupo, enquanto para os Grupos 1, 2 e 3 o critério para mudança de componente foi a obtenção de 10 pontos. Após a aquisição todos os participantes foram expostos a um múltiplo FR 60 – DRL 20 s por 20 sessões em que a estabilidade do comportamento foi avaliada. A diferenciação nas taxas de respostas entre os componentes do múltiplo pode ser atingida com diferentes formas de se programar a aquisição do comportamento e os participantes de todos os grupos atingiram o critério de estabilidade em no máximo nove sessões de exposição.