Análisis de los factores de la organización del trabajo (OT) y su influencia en la exposición a factores de riesgo por carga física biomecánica en el proceso de cosecha de rosas en Colombia
- Autores: Luis A. Saavedra Robinson
- Directores de la Tesis: Pedro Manuel Rodríguez Mondelo (dir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) ( España ) en 2013
- Idioma: español
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Ramon Ferrer Puig (presid.), Jaume Guixà Mora (secret.), Ricardo Ros Mar (voc.)
- Materias:
- Enlaces
- Tesis en acceso abierto en: TDX
- Resumen
The existing industries are facing new challenges due to increasing international competition, this involves increasing needs for productivity, the design of new products and delivery times getting shorter. At the same time, ergonomic considerations in the design of work and the workplace can boost productivity and quality, promote the health of employees and attract new employees (Axelsson, 2000). Flower production in Colombia is mainly for export, being the second largest exporter in the world after the Netherlands and representing 14% of world exports of the product. Furthermore, this activity be developed manually and repetitively, has shown a large number of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD acronym in English) which are the major cause of occupational disease in this industrial sector (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2007). At this initial so this study was to determine the factors Labour Organization (OT) present in the rose harvest process and analyze their influence on exposure to risk factors for physical load biomechanics. The methodology chosen was an observational analytic transversal through a case study. To do this, the hypothesis against the current situation has been reflected through the following research questions: Is it possible factors modulate the organization of work-related MSDs in the flower industry work? and Is it possible to determine the technical standard of the rose harvest activities sufficient to indicate the lowest percentage of workers exposed to WRMSD?. Initially we conducted a literature review which has resulted in a proposed conceptual model linking the OT factors and prevalence of WRMSD. Subsequently, the field work was conducted with seven (7) business of Colombian flower industry and the result has shown a medium OCRA index 3.3003 to the right arm and a value of 2.6430 for the case of the upper left . Knowledge is applied in industrial organization for the determination of standard technical actions leaving OCRA index reductions in tasks such as gill, pruning, disbudding and cut Roses, the latter with a value of approximately 66% reduction. Finally, suggestions for improvements were made involving aspects of redesign, work rhythms and a mathematical model of optimization in order to generate a turnover program with specific parameters of ergonomics be a major effort reduction.
