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La arquitectura como territorio: la dialogía de los proyectos del desierto de Atacama

  • Autores: Fernando Flores Araya
  • Directores de la Tesis: Josep Muntañola i Thornberg (dir. tes.)
  • Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) ( España ) en 2008
  • Idioma: español
  • Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Josep Parcerisa (presid.), Ezequiel Usón Guardiola (secret.), Ignacio Milian Klusse (voc.), Danielle Provansal (voc.), Enric Pol Urrutia (voc.)
  • Materias:
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  • Resumen
    • The interest in prospecting in the Atacama Desert rests in discovering and identifying in it an integral way of generating Architecture as Territory, starting from its potentialities, structures, morphology and the events undertaken by the local culture in a period which now covers more than eleven thousand years. At present the desert is approached through geomorphology and ecology, separate from human and social-cultural aspects, which are generally focused from their own ambit and for specific requirements. In this work, and from preliminary approaches (Gregotti V., Eizaguirre X., Muntañola J.), the idea is to advance and go deeper into the concept of confrontation in a relationship of dialogue between the architectural projects and the place, in the context of the Atacama culture. To do this it is essential to explore also the history of the territory. For this place has history, is a place in a never-ending story; where an architectural project can establish an original interpretation of the history of this human place already existing. This territory and its culture have repeatedly been considered in terms of human settlement and the environment, with anthropological and sociological readings, with environmental engineering and others, but not in this way, focusing on the architectural project and its role in articulating the environment and culture. For this reason modern works from the last 50 years have been chosen as the subject of study, in order to reveal the dialogue of this human place in inhabited and constructed space-time.

      Here, the dilemma of coexistence between the traditional and the modern the tool and general outline of the analysis is repeated through the years since the inhabiting-building relationship of man with his territory have been experiencing varied and interesting effects. However, in recent times and as a consequence of the history of the place, the focus has changed and a special sensitivity to climate and to social use is developing, through architectural works which are proposed in order to explore this approach. There lies the innovative aspect of the problem.

      There exists, therefore, a stimulus towards tackling relationship of dialogue between the projects and the territory, through a pre-figuration collecting together the cultural, social and environmental requirements in the places and buildings which society needs, articulating structures of uses, forms and material qualities.

      The space of dialogue is recognised as a result of a dialogue-agreement and man's creative action, from a historical-social context in the order of the territory and the city. This investigation is considered with the proposal of working principally on the spaces of non-urban territory. In the same way as the urban context has been able to establish interesting urban procedures, morphologies, logics of modelling and transformations, but also structures of physical forms and new situations of use, similar efforts are required to get closer to the processes of creating architectural projects in this ambit, now not only from a conception of order and planning, but from the project seen as a place, with the consideration that the new idea, as an interpretation of the culture, articulates a new territory.

      The importance of this investigation lies also in the acknowledging the value of the Atacama culture, submitted to a succession of pressures and conflicts arising from the needs of modern man and his big city aspirations. This concern arises today as the result of a renascent interest which is essentially urban, with capitalist, scientific and tourist intentions, since Chile is benefiting from a strong economy due to its energetic bilateral relations with various countries in Asia, America and Europe. The potential challenges of globalization are increasing now that Chile has established a convention for political, economic and cultural association with the European Union. The challenge, then, will be found in the method of confronting these possibilities.

      To this are added marked expectations in studying a territory generous in resources and energy, with attractive ecological and landscape features, an environmental scenario suited to astronomical observations and containing a significant historical and cultural legacy, fruit of the development of communities of pre-Columbian origin. This proposal enquires into the construction of the territory and the architectural projects, and their dialogue with the land, through a reading of creative local solutions proper to the physical and social reality of the desert. This is a path which goes from territory as architecture seen from a historical angle, to architecture as territory seen from the viewpoint of the projects.


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