Publication: Historia de la antropología americanista española (1892-1992)
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2018-06-21
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La presente tesis se ocupa de la historia de la antropología cultural americanista española durante un periodo histórico que abarca cien años (1892-1992). Se presta especial atención a las distintas corrientes y escuelas de pensamiento implicadas en dicho proceso, y cómo los diversos modelos intelectuales se integran y complementan la realidad ideológica de España en cada uno de los momentos estudiados. Se analiza la realidad social y económica de España y las vinculaciones entre realidad material, ideologías, políticas y ciencia. Con todo, no existe una primacía necesaria de la realidad material frente a elementos ideológicos, sino que se estudia cómo dichos aspectos se moldean mutuamente. Muy importante en este caso son también las influencias del pensamiento extranjero que sirven en muchos casos para resquebrajar el paradigma nacional dominante en cada época. La tesis no se limita a analizar la realidad tanto social como cultural y económica de España, sino que se investiga el contexto más amplio en el que queda asimilado el país. Se investiga el marco ideológico, filosófico y social europeo, también desde una perspectiva histórica más amplia que la mentada en el título del texto. Se examinan precedentes de conceptos clave modernos que llegan hasta la Antigüedad y se analizan las corrientes intelectuales que priman principalmente en Europa desde los albores de la Modernidad. Tales fenómenos son importantes puesto que España ocupa una posición periférica tanto económica como intelectualmente en el marco de referencia occidental, por lo que las ideas surgidas en otras regiones geográficas son las que luego moldean el pensamiento español. Al no poder realizar un análisis aislado de la disciplina estudiada, se tiene en cuenta también la historia de otras especialidades como la antropología física, la prehistoria, la historia o la arqueología. En última instancia se trata de entender a través de qué medios, procesos y resistencias, y en qué medida España se integra en el marco ilustrado del Occidente moderno, todo ello a través del hilo conductor de la antropología cultural americanista...
This thesis deals with the history of American studies in Spanish cultural anthropology in a historical period spanning one hundred years (1892-1992). It analyzes the slow introduction of this science in Spain thanks to the active participation of key figures in the intellectual world. Special attention is paid to the various currents and schools of thought involved in this process and how these various intellectual models are assimilated, complementing the ideological reality of Spain in each of the moments studied. The social and economic reality of Spain and links between material reality, ideologies, policies and science are analyzed. In this approach analogies between science and ideology are established, since all science is necessarily immersed in its own ideological framework, within the larger scope of society. However, there is no necessary primacy of material reality against ideological elements, as both aspects are studied as shaping each other. In this case foreign influences in thought are also important, serving in many cases to crack the dominant national paradigm in a given period. Moreover, the current thesis is not limited to analyzing the social, cultural and economic reality of Spain, but the broader context in which the country is located. Therefore, it investigates Europe’s ideological, philosophical and social framework, also from a broader historical perspective than that which is mentioned in the text’s title. Thus, modern precedents of key concepts that reach Antiquity and intellectual currents that prevail mainly in Europe since the dawn of Modernity are examined arnd analyzed. Such phenomena are important if we consider that Spain traditionally occupies a peripheral position both economically and intellectually regarding the West, so that the ideas from other geographical regions are those which mainly shape Spanish thought. As one is unable to study a discipline in isolation, this analysis takes into account the history of other related specialties such as physical anthropology, prehistory, history or archeology. Ultimately it examines by what means, processes and resistances, and to what extent Spain is integrated within the frame of the modern enlighted West, through the thread of American anthropological studies...
This thesis deals with the history of American studies in Spanish cultural anthropology in a historical period spanning one hundred years (1892-1992). It analyzes the slow introduction of this science in Spain thanks to the active participation of key figures in the intellectual world. Special attention is paid to the various currents and schools of thought involved in this process and how these various intellectual models are assimilated, complementing the ideological reality of Spain in each of the moments studied. The social and economic reality of Spain and links between material reality, ideologies, policies and science are analyzed. In this approach analogies between science and ideology are established, since all science is necessarily immersed in its own ideological framework, within the larger scope of society. However, there is no necessary primacy of material reality against ideological elements, as both aspects are studied as shaping each other. In this case foreign influences in thought are also important, serving in many cases to crack the dominant national paradigm in a given period. Moreover, the current thesis is not limited to analyzing the social, cultural and economic reality of Spain, but the broader context in which the country is located. Therefore, it investigates Europe’s ideological, philosophical and social framework, also from a broader historical perspective than that which is mentioned in the text’s title. Thus, modern precedents of key concepts that reach Antiquity and intellectual currents that prevail mainly in Europe since the dawn of Modernity are examined arnd analyzed. Such phenomena are important if we consider that Spain traditionally occupies a peripheral position both economically and intellectually regarding the West, so that the ideas from other geographical regions are those which mainly shape Spanish thought. As one is unable to study a discipline in isolation, this analysis takes into account the history of other related specialties such as physical anthropology, prehistory, history or archeology. Ultimately it examines by what means, processes and resistances, and to what extent Spain is integrated within the frame of the modern enlighted West, through the thread of American anthropological studies...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, leída el 20/06/2017