Resumen de Arquitectura: nit, llum i entorn
That is NIGHT, LIGHT and ENVIRONMENT make and is ARCHITECTURE. Night and environment, as time and space; (artificial) light as a connecting tool. The aim of the thesis is, therefore, to give visibility and affirm that architecture also has a nightly component and that artificial light is what connects architecture with environment during the night. Environment that is physically the same but its time and perceptibility changed. To show how lightning responds to this environment and how the architect focuses on the change of use, response and presence in the city by night. The first chapter NIGHT, defines concepts around this, looks at the role that HISTORY has given to it, the evolution of the relationship between MAN and SOC IETIES to night, and ends describing the night today. Items such NIGHT, as the interval between evening and morning in relation to TIME; NIGHT as time during which there is no day1ight in relation to LIGHT. We see that this time had always been CYCLICAL, with a clear distinction day/night but always struggle to extend and maximize the daytime, change with the Industrial Revolution. When the technology of artificial electric light could bring endless days, paradoxically society rediscovers the night and in the XXI century, we could say that we are going from ENDLESS DAY to ENDLESS NIGHT. This cycle entailed an always well marked duality that impacts all HUMAN ACTIVIT IES. DUALITY has become SIMULTANEITY, from a clear DISTINCTION, CHANGE and CONTRAST; we have entered a phase of simultaneous day/night space-time. We are facing a CULTURAL change. The second chapter we discuss LIGHT, physical reality, and therefore definable scientifically but also deeply rooted in the culture that concepts such as darkness, shadow or penumbra does not fit in these definitions and we need to complete them with the help of psychology, anthropology, sociology or art. We talk about AESTHETICS and POETICS, symbols and metaphors, about SILENCE/NOISE understood as altitudes toward s the environment. In the third chapter on ENVIRONMENT, we first s peak of MAN, who with the SENSES and SENSATIONS reaches RECOGNITION, adding MEMORY, MEMORIES and IMAGINAT ION; his first contact with the environment. Man with CYCLICAL VITAL RHYTHMS that determine also CYCLICAL ACTIVITIES. Then to explore the CITY, we build on three main aspects: 1. To review ENVIRONMENTAL inputs we refer to LANDSCAPE. On how to balance on the three key as pects of SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: ECOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC and SOC IAL. 2. In analyzing the PHYSICAL-MORPHOLOGICAL, we focus on the mechanisms of recognition and measurement REFERENCES, DISTANCES and EDGES to determine the READABILITY of an urban land. 3. This physical reality must overlap with USE, analyze therefore, SOCIO-C ULTURAL inputs that determine the appropriation of s pace in a certain way, depending on usage, the time of day, ADVERTISING, IMAGE... The TIME, it is thus crucial. In the fourth chapter to ARTIFICIAL LIGHT as TOOL, we distinguish permanent applications in ARCHIT ECTURE and URBANISM from EPHEMERAL event specific. In each of these fields, we discuss the history and describe the most important lighting options .In architectural ILLUMINATIONS we also discuss about PRESENCE/ABSENCE, architectural LANGUAGE, ICONIC-building, TRANSPARENCY/OPACI TY, IMMATERIALITY/MASS and MOVEMENT. N. URBAN LIGHTING, we discuss about LIGHTING PLANS, LIGHT, DARK and ICONIC LANDSCAPES.
