- Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Antropología Social y CC.TT. Historiográficas
Facultad de Filosofía y Letras
Universidad de Valladolid
Plaza del Campus s/n
47011 Valladolid
España-Spain
- Bell Beakers (Archaeology), Middle Bronze Age, Chalcolithic Archaeology, Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Iberian Prehistory (Archaeology), Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), and 30 moreBronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Neolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, Mediterranean prehistory, Archaeology of salt, Archaeology of Alcohol, Complex Society, Social Inequality, Prehistoric Archaeology, Bronze Age Funerary Ritual, Prehistoric Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, Neolithic Europe, Megalithic Monuments, Archaeology of Beer and Cereal Fermentation, Anthropology of Alcohol, Early Neolithic, Prehistoric salt production, History of salt, History of Alcohol and Drug Use, Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Megaliths (Archaeology), Beer (Alcohol Studies), Beer and Brewery History, Archaeology of drinking places, Beer, Cultural history of beer, Drinking practices (Anthropology), Anthropology of Religion, Archaeology of Ritual and Magic, Entheogens, Entheogens and Religion, and History of Alcoholedit
From 22nd to 27th May 2023 the Cambridge Beer Festival will be held after a three-year hiatus. Organised by the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA), it is the UK'slongest running and one of the largest regional beer festivals, featuring a... more
From 22nd to 27th May 2023 the Cambridge Beer Festival will be held after a three-year hiatus. Organised by the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA), it is the UK'slongest running and one of the largest regional beer festivals, featuring a widerange of local and national beers of all styles.
The Digital Lab, a digital engagement project at the Museum of Archaeology andAnthropology and the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research wish tojoin in with the cheerful mood of the city hosting an interdisciplinary seminarthat will explore beer brewing in the past.
The presentations and discussions at this half-day conference will centre aroundbeer, its long history, and its importance in past societies. The event will concludewith a beer tasting session.
The Digital Lab, a digital engagement project at the Museum of Archaeology andAnthropology and the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research wish tojoin in with the cheerful mood of the city hosting an interdisciplinary seminarthat will explore beer brewing in the past.
The presentations and discussions at this half-day conference will centre aroundbeer, its long history, and its importance in past societies. The event will concludewith a beer tasting session.
Research Interests: Prehistoric Archaeology, Iron Age Britain (Archaeology), Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), History of Alcohol and Drug Use, Archaeology of Beer and Cereal Fermentation, and 4 morePrehistoric Europe (Archaeology), Anthropology of Alcohol, European Prehistory (Archaeology), and Beer and Brewery History
Desde los tiempos prehistóricos y prácticamente a lo largo y ancho de la geografía mundial, los seres humanos han alterado temporalmente su estado de consciencia con fines religiosos, terapéuticos, adivinatorios, recreativos e incluso... more
Desde los tiempos prehistóricos y prácticamente a lo largo y ancho de la geografía mundial, los seres humanos han alterado temporalmente su estado de consciencia con fines religiosos, terapéuticos, adivinatorios, recreativos e incluso bélicos. Para ello se ha recurrido a diversos procedimientos, solos o en combinación, como el ejercicio físico
violento, la meditación, el ayuno, la vigilia prolongada, la privación sensorial, o técnicas de respiración controlada, entre otros, pero uno de los más extendidos es el consumo de drogas. ¿Cómo, cuándo y por qué nuestros antepasados más remotos se iniciaron en el uso de estas sustancias?
violento, la meditación, el ayuno, la vigilia prolongada, la privación sensorial, o técnicas de respiración controlada, entre otros, pero uno de los más extendidos es el consumo de drogas. ¿Cómo, cuándo y por qué nuestros antepasados más remotos se iniciaron en el uso de estas sustancias?
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Este trabajo reúne una serie de reflexiones y propuestas interpretativas acerca de determinadas manifestaciones artísticas postpaleolíticas de la Península Ibérica. Se plantea la hipótesis de que algunas expresiones gráficas del Neolítico... more
Este trabajo reúne una serie de reflexiones y propuestas interpretativas acerca de determinadas manifestaciones artísticas postpaleolíticas de la Península Ibérica. Se plantea la hipótesis de que algunas expresiones gráficas del Neolítico y la Edad del Cobre plasmadas en paneles rupestres y en diversos soportes muebles pudieran haberse inspirado en estados de trance, al combinarse una serie de variables, entre las cuales destaca la presencia de posibles motivos entópticos y escenas chamánicas en la iconografía. Además, apoyándonos en el registro arqueobotánico, se valora el papel de las plantas psicoactivas en las prácticas de alteración de la consciencia desde el Neolítico Antiguo (ca. mediados del VI milenio cal AC). Lo anterior se relaciona con los profundos cambios en las estructuras socioeconómicas e ideológicas de las comunidades de la prehistoria reciente peninsular, como resultado de la adopción de la economía de producción durante el Neolítico y de la progresiva intensificación de las diferencias sociales que se percibe en el registro arqueológico a partir de entonces.
Research Interests: Prehistoric Archaeology, Altered States of Consciousness, Neolithic Archaeology, Neolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, History of Alcohol and Drug Use, and 8 moreReligion and ritual in prehistory, Iberian Prehistory (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Prehistoric Europe (Archaeology), Prehistoric Rock Art, Social Complexity, History of Narcotics and Drugs, and Schematic Rock Art
RESUMEN Se presentan los resultados del estudio tecno-morfológico y traceológico realizado sobre un conjunto de piezas líticas talladas de la ocupación neolítica de La Atalaya (Muñopepe, Ávila). Este trabajo constituye la primera... more
RESUMEN Se presentan los resultados del estudio tecno-morfológico y traceológico realizado sobre un conjunto de piezas líticas talladas de la ocupación neolítica de La Atalaya (Muñopepe, Ávila). Este trabajo constituye la primera caracterización del utillaje lítico tallado de las más tempranas comunidades productoras del valle Amblés, un espacio localizado en las estribaciones septentrionales de la Sierra de Gredos
para el que apenas existen datos al respecto. La información aportada ha permitido atisbar algunas de las actividades económicas de sus ocupantes, entre las cuales destaca la caza, mientras que las relacionadas con las tareas agrícolas tienen una menor representación.
ABSTRACT. The results of the techno-morphological and traceological or use-wear analysis carried out on a Neolithic collection of knapped stone objects from the prehistoric site of La Atalaya (Muñopepe, Avila) are presented. This study is the first morphological and functional characterization of the lithic industries of the earliest farming groups in the Amblés Valley, on the northern slopes of Sierra de Gredos mountain range. The determination of the functionality of the lithic assemblage has shed some light on the economic activities of the Neolithic groups. While hunting is well documented, agricultural practices are of lesser importance.
para el que apenas existen datos al respecto. La información aportada ha permitido atisbar algunas de las actividades económicas de sus ocupantes, entre las cuales destaca la caza, mientras que las relacionadas con las tareas agrícolas tienen una menor representación.
ABSTRACT. The results of the techno-morphological and traceological or use-wear analysis carried out on a Neolithic collection of knapped stone objects from the prehistoric site of La Atalaya (Muñopepe, Avila) are presented. This study is the first morphological and functional characterization of the lithic industries of the earliest farming groups in the Amblés Valley, on the northern slopes of Sierra de Gredos mountain range. The determination of the functionality of the lithic assemblage has shed some light on the economic activities of the Neolithic groups. While hunting is well documented, agricultural practices are of lesser importance.
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In recent years, the notion of landscape learning has been the object of increasing attention when discussing the neolithization of Europe. The landscape learning model stresses the necessity of gathering environmental information about a... more
In recent years, the notion of landscape learning has been the object of increasing attention when discussing the neolithization of Europe. The landscape learning model stresses the necessity of gathering environmental information about a previously unfamiliar region. Therefore, it is particularly relevant in cases where the beginning of a farming economy is better explained in relation to the movements of peoples (colonization), rather than to the adoption of crops and livestock by pre-existing hunters and gatherers (acculturation). Unlike other Iberian regions, where the adoption of agriculture runs parallel to that of animal husbandry, the available data on the neolithization process of the Sierra de Gredos mountain range seem to suggest that raising livestock may have preceded plant cultivation. Based on an interdisciplinary and multi-proxy approach, this paper explores the idea that the adoption of a food-producing economy in the Amblés Valley (Ávila, Central Iberia) may have been connected with pastoralism. In this context, landscape learning provides a model for analyzing how Early Neolithic herders in their seasonal movements were capable of wayfinding by memorizing spatial features that functioned as visual landmarks.
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... Cambiar. Los yacimientos de Villafáfila (Zamora) en el marco de las explotaciones salineras de la prehistoria europea. Información General. Autores: Francisco JavierAbarquero Moras ( coord. ), Elisa Guerra Doce ( coord. ...
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The relationship between humans and psychoactive substances can be traced back over millennia. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the consumption of drug plants and fermented beverages in prehistoric times by drawing... more
The relationship between humans and psychoactive substances can be traced back over millennia. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the consumption of drug plants and fermented beverages in prehistoric times by drawing upon some archaeological examples worldwide that illustrate the early use of these substances. The archaeological evidence of psychoactive substances is assessed in the light of some indicators that should be taken into consideration when examining this type of data.
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En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la antigüedad del uso de armas tóxicas (químicas y biológicas) en los enfrentamientos violentos, valorando la posibilidad de que ya las comunidades prehistóricas de Europa pudieran haber recurrido a... more
En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la antigüedad del uso de armas tóxicas (químicas y biológicas) en los enfrentamientos violentos, valorando la posibilidad de que ya las comunidades
prehistóricas de Europa pudieran haber recurrido a ellas
prehistóricas de Europa pudieran haber recurrido a ellas
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The earliest testimonies of the use of alcohol and drugs suggest that inebriation is a long-established habit, the origins of which can be traced back to prehistory. Traces highly suggestive of fermented beverages and remains of... more
The earliest testimonies of the use of alcohol and drugs suggest that inebriation is a long-established habit, the origins of which can be traced back to prehistory. Traces highly suggestive of fermented beverages and remains of psychoactive plants have been recovered from archaeological sites throughout prehistoric Europe. This paper surveys the history of these substances from a cultural approach based on the contexts of consumption. A wide range of documents will be examined here (macrofossil remains
of psychoactive plants, residues of fermented beverages, alkaloids in archaeological items and artistic depictions, among others). Considering that these sensory-altering products are mainly found in tombs and ceremonial places, they seem to be strongly connected to ritual usages. Far from being consumed for hedonistic purposes, it can therefore be argued that drug plants and alcoholic drinks had a sacred role among prehistoric societies
of psychoactive plants, residues of fermented beverages, alkaloids in archaeological items and artistic depictions, among others). Considering that these sensory-altering products are mainly found in tombs and ceremonial places, they seem to be strongly connected to ritual usages. Far from being consumed for hedonistic purposes, it can therefore be argued that drug plants and alcoholic drinks had a sacred role among prehistoric societies
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The aim of this paper is to examine a Chalcolithic deposit found within a pit. The deposit contains a significant amount of Beaker pottery, amongst other artefacts, as well as a few human bones and a peculiar faunal assemblage. The... more
The aim of this paper is to examine a Chalcolithic deposit found within a pit. The deposit contains a significant amount of Beaker pottery, amongst other artefacts, as well as a few human bones and a peculiar faunal assemblage. The singularity of the faunal remains found made it necessary to carry out a detailed taphonomic study, since the deliberate selection of the anatomical parts of many species has been documented. The presence of pig foetal bones, possibly corresponding to different litters, is also noteworthy. The assemblage reveals diverse predepositional origins, also confirmed by radiocarbon dating: The cranial bone of an aurochs, which has undergone lengthy exposure, is the only finding in this pit with intensive weathering surface modification. This bone was probably introduced as a token at a later date, and is several hundred years older than the other dated sample from the pit.
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Resumen El análisis de microfósiles polínicos y no polínicos de una secuencia obtenida en una laguna endorreica en Almenara de Adaja (Va-lladolid, Meseta Norte) muestra este registro como sensible tanto a cambios de naturaleza climática... more
Resumen El análisis de microfósiles polínicos y no polínicos de una secuencia obtenida en una laguna endorreica en Almenara de Adaja (Va-lladolid, Meseta Norte) muestra este registro como sensible tanto a cambios de naturaleza climática como antrópica durante los últi-mos 2800 años. Se han detectado los momentos de variabilidad climática que se han descrito para esta cronología como el período frío del final de la Edad del Hierro (850-75 cal BC), el Período Cálido Romano (ca. 75 cal BC-300 cal AD), el Período Frío Altomedie-val (ca. 300-800 cal AD), el Período Cálido Bajomedieval (ca. 800-1450 cal AD) y la Pequeña Edad del Hielo (ca. 1450-1800 cal AD). Además, se han observado distintos grados de antropización en el paisaje en relación con las pautas de asentamiento en la zona. Aun-que es desde la época romana cuando se establecieron las transformaciones del paisaje que han conformado el paisaje actual, que está caracterizado por ser un espacio muy agrícola y ganadero. Palabras clave: Polen, microfósiles no polínicos, historia de la vegetación, cambios climáticos, impacto humano, Valladolid, España. Abstract [Pollen study of an endorheic lagoon in Almenara de Adaja (Valladolid, Northern Meseta): environmental changes and human activity during the last 2800 years] The analysis of pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs in a sequence from an endorreic lake in Almenara de Adaja (Valladolid, Northern Plateau) shows the sensibility of this record to both climatic and anthropogenic changes during the last 2800 years. All the phases of climatic variability described for this chronology have been detected, as the cold period at the end of the Iron Age (850-75 cal BC), the Roman Warm Period (ca. 75 cal BC-300 cal AD), the Dark Ages (ca. 300-800 cal AD), the Medieval Warm Period (ca. 800-1450 cal AD) and the Little Ice Age (ca. 1450-1800 cal AD). Besides, different human pressure degrees have been observed in the landscape in connection with the local settlement guidelines. Although since Roman times is when started the landscape modifications that created the current landscape, characterized by agricultural and pastoral activities.
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Los sepulcros megalíticos de la Submeseta Norte española reflejan la existencia de diferencias sociales entre los miembros de las comunidades del Neolítico y Calcolítico. A partir del estudio de los objetos de prestigio depositados en... more
Los sepulcros megalíticos de la Submeseta Norte española reflejan la existencia de diferencias sociales entre los miembros de las comunidades del Neolítico y Calcolítico. A partir del estudio de los objetos de prestigio depositados en estas construcciones y de la existencia de determinados elementos arquitectónicos segregadores de espacios en las cámaras se examinan las maniobras de ciertos individuos por destacar socialmente. Se valora la importancia de los intercambios comerciales en la obtención de elementos de prestigio que serán monopolizados por esas minorías encumbradas, siguiendo una tendencia similar a lo observado en otros territorios del Occidente europeo
durante el Neolítico Final
durante el Neolítico Final
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Se presenta el repertorio de los vegetales psicoactivos recuperados en yacimientos prehistóricos de la Península Ibérica, estudiándolos desde un punto de vista fitoquímico y etnobotánico, así como los resultados de ciertas analíticas que... more
Se presenta el repertorio de los vegetales psicoactivos recuperados en yacimientos prehistóricos de la Península
Ibérica, estudiándolos desde un punto de vista fitoquímico y etnobotánico, así como los resultados de ciertas analíticas que han permitido identificar indicadores bioquímicos de sus principios activos en residuos de recipientes arqueológicos y en restos humanos. Ciertas evidencias llevan a pensar que, en algunos casos, estas plantas pudieron ser empleadas como drogas e, intencionadamente, las comunidades prehistóricas explotaron sus propiedades alucinógenas y/o medicinales
Ibérica, estudiándolos desde un punto de vista fitoquímico y etnobotánico, así como los resultados de ciertas analíticas que han permitido identificar indicadores bioquímicos de sus principios activos en residuos de recipientes arqueológicos y en restos humanos. Ciertas evidencias llevan a pensar que, en algunos casos, estas plantas pudieron ser empleadas como drogas e, intencionadamente, las comunidades prehistóricas explotaron sus propiedades alucinógenas y/o medicinales
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Unlike other components of the Bell Beaker assemblage, Beaker pottery itself lacks an intrinsic value since fabric analyses have demonstrated that it was locally produced. It is thought, therefore, that it was the contents, rather than... more
Unlike other components of the Bell Beaker assemblage, Beaker pottery itself lacks an intrinsic value since fabric analyses have demonstrated that it was locally produced. It is thought, therefore, that it was the contents, rather than the container, which were valuable. Traditionally, Bell Beakers have been said to contain alcoholic beverages which were consumed in the course of male feasting ceremonies. However, whilst beer and mead have been identified from certain examples, not all Beakers were drinking cups. Some were used as reduction pots to smelt copper ores, others have some organic residues associated with food, and still others were employed as funerary urns. It is suggested here that a symbolic connection can, however, be observed, since these activities all imply some kind of transformation.
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RESUMEN La representación de cápsulas de adormidera es un motivo frecuente en la ico-nografía de las antiguas civilizaciones del Mediterráneo por su valor simbólico y ritual. Ciertas evidencias sugieren que el origen de esta simbología... more
RESUMEN La representación de cápsulas de adormidera es un motivo frecuente en la ico-nografía de las antiguas civilizaciones del Mediterráneo por su valor simbólico y ritual. Ciertas evidencias sugieren que el origen de esta simbología pudo iniciarse en el Neolítico, momento en el que se produce la domesticación de esta planta probablemente en la Península Ibérica, lo que explicaría la presencia de restos de adormidera en determinados contextos funerarios y/o rituales de la Prehistoria peninsular. ABSTRACT The representation of opium poppy capsules is a frequent motif among ancient Mediterranean civilisations because of their symbolic and ritual meaning. Some evidences suggest the origin of this symbology could have begun during the Neolithic, when the domestication of this plant is likely to have taken place in Iberia, as some remains of opium poppy from certain Later Prehistoric burial/ritual contexts point out.
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This paper focuses on the production of salt and its socioeconomic implications in Europe during the 3rd millennium BC. In Iberia, where Beaker pottery may have originated, there is an association of salt resources with Beaker groups. We... more
This paper focuses on the production of salt and its socioeconomic implications in Europe during the 3rd millennium BC. In Iberia, where Beaker pottery may have originated, there is an association of salt resources with Beaker groups. We suggest here that Beaker groups might have assumed control over the circulation of salt in Western Europe. The role of salt in the spread of Beaker material culture is assessed, both as an exchange commodity in its own right, and also as a food preservative, facilitating the movement of peoples and long-distance journeys.
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The Beaker site of Molino Sanchón II, located at the saline Lagoons of Villafáfila (Zamora, Spain), represents a salt-processing centre which used the brine-boiling method. Theoretically, the procedure might have involved the following... more
The Beaker site of Molino Sanchón II, located at the saline Lagoons of Villafáfila (Zamora, Spain), represents a salt-processing centre which used the brine-boiling method. Theoretically, the procedure might have involved the following stages: 1) Brine was poured into large ceramic vessels placed over fires; 2) the resulting salt paste was transferred to smaller ceramic moulds set on pedestals that stood over a hearth of glowing embers; 3) finally those moulds were broken open in order to obtain hard and transportable salt cakes. However, a detailed analysis of the ceramic assemblage has shown that small containers representative of stage 3 are very much the exception at Molino Sanchón II. Alternative procedures are discussed in this paper. The function of Beaker pottery at this site, one of the most abundant collections known in Iberia, is also assessed here.
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Tradicionalmente la neolitización de los territorios de la Submeseta norte peninsular se venía vinculando a la Cultura de las Cuevas definida por P. Bosch Gimpera a comienzos del siglo pasado. En estas últimas décadas, sin embargo, se ha... more
Tradicionalmente la neolitización de los territorios de la Submeseta norte peninsular se venía vinculando a la Cultura de las Cuevas definida por P. Bosch Gimpera a comienzos del siglo pasado. En estas últimas décadas, sin embargo, se ha podido apreciar los influjos tempranos de otros focos neolíticos en este proceso. Es el caso del sector sudoccidental normeseteño (las actuales provincias de Salamanca y Ávila) donde la cultura material, el patrón de asentamiento y las pautas económicas de las más antiguas comunidades neolíticas muestran ciertos rasgos que apuntan, en último término, a los primeros grupos productores de Portugal. En este trabajo se hace hincapié en la herencia portuguesa de la neolitización de estas tierras y se exploran posibles rutas y mecanismos que favorecieron la implantación de la economía de producción allí. /
The Neolithisation process of the Spanish Northern subplateau was thought to have originated from the Culture of the Caves, identified by P. Bosch Gimpera at the beginning of the 20th century. In the last few decades, however, other cultural influences have also been noticed. In its southwestern area (the present-day provinces of Salamanca and Ávila), for instance, the material culture, settlement pattern, and economic system of the earliest Neolithic groups are similar to those of the first farming communities in Portugal. In this paper, the importance of the Portuguese connection in the Neolithisation process is highlighted, and potential routes and explanations behind the spread of the farming economy are assessed.
The Neolithisation process of the Spanish Northern subplateau was thought to have originated from the Culture of the Caves, identified by P. Bosch Gimpera at the beginning of the 20th century. In the last few decades, however, other cultural influences have also been noticed. In its southwestern area (the present-day provinces of Salamanca and Ávila), for instance, the material culture, settlement pattern, and economic system of the earliest Neolithic groups are similar to those of the first farming communities in Portugal. In this paper, the importance of the Portuguese connection in the Neolithisation process is highlighted, and potential routes and explanations behind the spread of the farming economy are assessed.
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The relationship between humans and mind-altering substances can be traced back over millennia. However, as many of them presently fall under the category of illicit or illegal “drug” products, there is a tendency to view use of these... more
The relationship between humans and mind-altering substances can be traced back over millennia. However, as many of them presently fall under the category of illicit or illegal “drug” products, there is a tendency to view use of these substances as largely a modern phenomenon. Archaeological evidence shows that the need and desire to temporarily alter states of consciousness through the use of drug plants, fungi, and many kinds of fermented beverages goes back to prehistoric times, in multiple regions of the world, and across most cultures. This chapter explores the deepest origins of these practices in Europe, where growing archaeological research demonstrates that psychoactive substances were already long in use, prior to the well-known cultural influence of wine in ancient Greece and Rome and the probable use of drug plants in ancient religious rituals such as the Eleusinian mysteries.
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The taste for alcohol is not exclusive to humans, as some other animal species are attracted to ripe fruits and nectar due to the natural occurrence of ethanol. However, what makes Homo sapiens different is their capacity to produce... more
The taste for alcohol is not exclusive to humans, as some other animal species are attracted to ripe fruits and nectar due to the natural occurrence of ethanol. However, what makes Homo sapiens different is their capacity to produce alcoholic beverages. From the Neolithic, if not earlier, the production of alcoholic drinks is documented, and this production ensured the supply of alcohol. Consequently, alcohol consumption was no longer sporadic and occasional. This process ran in parallel to the development of specific alcohol-related equipment, and organized drinking patterns gradually became more and more formalized. Its use has depended not only on its effects, mainly its capacity to enhance sociability, but also on historical, economic, and religious factors. The aim of this chapter is to search for the origins of this dynamic in prehistoric Europe from an archaeological perspective in order to explore the foundations of the cultural construction of alcohol.
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Entre los mecanismos a los que a mediados del III milenio cal BC las gentes campaniformes pudieron recurrir para lograr su encumbramiento social, el control sobre la producción y distribución de sal parece haber ocupado un destacado lugar... more
Entre los mecanismos a los que a mediados del III milenio cal BC las gentes campaniformes pudieron recurrir para lograr su encumbramiento social, el control sobre la producción y distribución de sal parece haber ocupado un destacado lugar en la Península Ibérica. Este trabajo reúne evidencias en este sentido y además, analiza la posible relación del origen del campaniforme o, más concretamente, de las piezas más internacionales del package, los vasos de estilo Marítimo, con la producción de sal en la Estremadura portuguesa.
Among the mechanisms that Beaker individuals might have drawn upon by the mid-3rd millennium cal BC in order to attain wealth and power, and consequently acquire a social position, Iberian Beaker groups might have assumed control over the production and circulation of salt. This paper is aimed at further exploring this issue, and assessing the possible link between the origin of the Beaker phenomenon, or, more specifically, the Maritime Beaker pots, and the production of salt in the Portuguese Estremadura region.
Among the mechanisms that Beaker individuals might have drawn upon by the mid-3rd millennium cal BC in order to attain wealth and power, and consequently acquire a social position, Iberian Beaker groups might have assumed control over the production and circulation of salt. This paper is aimed at further exploring this issue, and assessing the possible link between the origin of the Beaker phenomenon, or, more specifically, the Maritime Beaker pots, and the production of salt in the Portuguese Estremadura region.
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From 22nd to 27th May 2023 the Cambridge Beer Festival will be held after a threeyear hiatus. Organised by the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA), it is the UK's longest running and one of the largest regional beer festivals, featuring a wide... more
From 22nd to 27th May 2023 the Cambridge Beer Festival will be held after a threeyear hiatus. Organised by the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA), it is the UK's longest running and one of the largest regional beer festivals, featuring a wide range of local and national beers of all styles. The Digital Lab, a digital engagement project at the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology and the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research wish to join in with the cheerful mood of the city hosting an interdisciplinary seminar that will explore beer brewing in the past. The presentations and discussions at this half-day conference will centre around beer, its long history, and its importance in past societies. The event will conclude with a beer tasting session.