Dafne Muntanyola-Saura
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sociologia, Faculty Member
- University of California, San Diego, Cognitive Science, Department Memberadd
- Distributed Cognition, Sociology of Arts, Cognitive Ethnography, Embodied Cognition, Social Network Analysis (SNA), Ethnography, and 52 moreGender, Pierre Bourdieu, Multimodality, Visual Anthropology and Sociology, Social Networks, Embodiment, Phenomenology of the body, Fatherhood, fathering and fathers, Dance Studies, Rational Choice, Sociology, Filmmaking, Cognitive Science, Creativity, Software Architecture, Video Analysis, Visual Sociology, Qualitative Methodology (Sociology), Richard Sennett, Power, Simmel, Sociology of Art, Extended Mind, Redes sociales, Embodied and Enactive Cognition, Ethnomethodology, Anthropology Of Dance, Sociology of Work, Dance, Affordances, Ethnography (Research Methodology), Work Family Balance, Theory of Mind, Embodied Mind and Cognition, Habitus, Sociology of Music, Semi-Structured Interviews, Social Research Methods and Methodology, Philosophy of Action, Video, Gender stereotypes, Georg Simmel, Expertise, Feminism(s), Family studies, Feminismo, Choreography, Conversation Analysis, Danza, Embodied Music Cognition, Dance and Aesthetics, and Hubert Dreyfusedit
- Creativity is not only interactive but social. I am interested in understanding creative work through video analysis... moreCreativity is not only interactive but social. I am interested in understanding creative work through video analysis, developing research tools and interdisciplinary models based on distributed and embodied cognition. I also have a strong side topic of interest, gender in everyday life, in science and in the arts. I belong to the following research groups: IET-QUIT (UAB), ACF (UAM), MUSYCA (UCM), ICL (UCSD).
I believe we live in a multilingual world, and I think this is a good thing. I write and teach in Catalan, Spanish, French, Italian & English. My courses include Sociology of Mass Culture, History of Social Thought in Madrid, Ethnographical Methods, Cognitive Ethnography in Dance, Interviewing Methods, and Expert Cognition.
My ethnographical and empirical work is always part of a broader theoretical model that integrates the observation of the artists decision-making with social stratification, namely through concepts such as field, habitus (Panofsky, Bourdieu), epistemic cultures (Knorr Cetina), multimodal interactive systems (Alac, Kirsh), embodied cognition (Dreyfus, Clark) and Cicourel's approach to empirical research.
I attended the Masters in Social Sciences from Stockholm University, and obtained in 2008 a PhD in Sociology from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, with a visual ethnography of a medical team. I completed an intensive filmmaking workshop at the New York Film Academy, and during my PhD training years I was supervised by Aaron Cicourel.
In 2009-2010 I was a Postdoc Researcher with a Caja Madrid Scholarship at Université de Nice (France) at the LASMIC directed by Joel Candau,, supervised by Bernard Conein, and a Fulbright Scholar at University of California, San Diego, working with Prof. David Kirsh.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-9577edit
Objective: In this first study of its kind in Spain, we analyse the scope of and reasons underlying paternal regret. Background: Research on parental regret, a subject only recently broached by analysts, tends to focus on motherhood.... more
Objective: In this first study of its kind in Spain, we analyse the scope of and reasons underlying paternal regret.
Background: Research on parental regret, a subject only recently broached by analysts, tends to focus on motherhood. Regretting fatherhood has been only scantly researched. In this study we test the effects of intensive fathering, the use of different care resources, economic and employment conditions, and satisfaction with respondents’ partnership on their regret for having children.
Method: The analysis is based on an online survey of parents of children under 7 years old (QUIDAN Survey) A total of 3100 parents were interviewed, with the sample evenly distributed by sex and youngest child’s age, and proportional by parents’ highest level of schooling and place of residence. The weighted subsample used in this article included 1374 fathers. The hypotheses are tested with logistic regression.
Results: The social factors associated with a greater likelihood of regret include circumstances that challenge men’s role as primary breadwinner, a negative impact of fatherhood on job career, a high dependence on grandparents for balancing working and private lives and partnership dissatisfaction. A relationship between intensive fathering and regret could not be observed.
Conclusion: The findings show the extent of paternal regret to be fairly limited, similar to the proportion reported for maternal regret. Paternal regret is mainly associated with family and working circumstances.
Background: Research on parental regret, a subject only recently broached by analysts, tends to focus on motherhood. Regretting fatherhood has been only scantly researched. In this study we test the effects of intensive fathering, the use of different care resources, economic and employment conditions, and satisfaction with respondents’ partnership on their regret for having children.
Method: The analysis is based on an online survey of parents of children under 7 years old (QUIDAN Survey) A total of 3100 parents were interviewed, with the sample evenly distributed by sex and youngest child’s age, and proportional by parents’ highest level of schooling and place of residence. The weighted subsample used in this article included 1374 fathers. The hypotheses are tested with logistic regression.
Results: The social factors associated with a greater likelihood of regret include circumstances that challenge men’s role as primary breadwinner, a negative impact of fatherhood on job career, a high dependence on grandparents for balancing working and private lives and partnership dissatisfaction. A relationship between intensive fathering and regret could not be observed.
Conclusion: The findings show the extent of paternal regret to be fairly limited, similar to the proportion reported for maternal regret. Paternal regret is mainly associated with family and working circumstances.
Research Interests:
How young job seekers mobilize their contacts in the labour market? We look at mobilization of personal networks of young adults in Barcelona. We consider the strength of ties and status homophily as mechanisms of personal networks as for... more
How young job seekers mobilize their contacts in the labour market? We look at mobilization of personal networks of young adults in Barcelona. We consider the strength of ties and status homophily as mechanisms of personal networks as for the consolidation of social capital. Our qualitative analysis of 18 interviews with job seekers explores their personal networks and labour market trajectories. We applied Social Network Analysis (SNA). Our analysis of social capital indicates the existence of a relation between the cultural and economic capitals of job seekers and the compositional features of their networks. Results show how networks are similarly heterogeneous in terms of strength of ties, and mostly homophilous in educational levels. But these similarities in terms of social capital come with sharp inequalities in the patterns of mobilized contacts and their success in finding a job. These differences can be explained by the type and volume of capitals of job seekers. Those with better positions in the social structure and stable trajectories seem to mobilize fewer contacts more efficiently, getting better outcomes.
Research Interests:
This article analyzes the ideological discourses of fathers on the use of paternity leave in Spain. The goal is to reconstruct the ideological positions that fathers from different social locations develop around the existence of... more
This article analyzes the ideological discourses of fathers on the use of paternity leave in Spain. The goal is to reconstruct the ideological positions that fathers from different social locations develop around the existence of paternity leave as well as to explore their attitudes toward the impending length equalization of paternity and maternity leaves. A qualitative analysis was applied through the configuration of eight focus groups with fathers from two Spanish cities, Madrid and Barcelona. The results show the diversity of the fathers’ ideological positions in their representations about paternity leave. Different conceptions and degrees of legitimacy are observed, often conditioned by work, and institutional and gender contexts to which these fathers belong. Only some discourses and specific positions back up the change of legislation toward the equivalent duration of paternity and maternity leaves.
Research Interests:
The time that middle-class fathers and mothers devote to care activities has significantly increased over the last two decades in Spain. In a context of increasingly widespread intensive and child-centred parenting styles, the attachment... more
The time that middle-class fathers and mothers devote to care activities has significantly increased over the last two decades in Spain. In a context of increasingly widespread intensive and child-centred parenting styles, the attachment parenting movement draws on a gender-essentialist interpretation of attachment theory to prescribe a series of practices that place great pressure on women’s time, minds and bodies. Such burdens are likely related to the gendered division of household roles, but this issue remains largely underexplored in research. This paper aims to fill this gap in the literature by exploring the links between gendered interpretations of attachment parenting principles and gendered patterns of labour division. The methodological approach consists of 28 semistructured interviews conducted separately with mothers and fathers from heterosexual couples with professional or managerial jobs and children under three years of age. The findings show that the gender essentialist interpretation of the attachment relationship rather than the amount of attachment parenting performed seems more determinant of task segregation. Prolonged breastfeeding stands out as a major barrier to a more egalitarian division of tasks, even for couples who are critical of the gendered interpretation of the attachment figure.
Research Interests:
Are the dancers’ skills interactive? Our pragmatic stance looks for the social roots of artistic skills in the communication and attention patterns of dancers in the studio. Dance is a setting to study distributed cognition through... more
Are the dancers’ skills interactive? Our pragmatic stance looks for the social roots of artistic skills in the communication and attention patterns of dancers in the studio. Dance is a setting to study distributed cognition through modalities other than speech. We look for distributed cognition not only at the communicative level, but also at a more phenomenological level of joint action and perception. Through a cognitive ethnography of a dance rehearsal and Conversation Analysis we are able to delimitate here the modalities in use such as speech, marking, gesture and space. Findings show how multimodal translation, incremental concretion, space management and listening are examples of artistic skills. We explain what
really happens when dancers act as experts in the field, with a culturally defined normative frame.
really happens when dancers act as experts in the field, with a culturally defined normative frame.
Research Interests:
The article analyses the role of religious brokerage, arguing for the importance of cultural and social capital. A city like Barcelona is a place of arrival and settlement for a population with diverse trajectories. We see the urban... more
The article analyses the role of religious brokerage, arguing for the importance of cultural and social capital. A city like Barcelona is a place of arrival and settlement for a population with diverse trajectories. We see the urban environment as a cultural as well as a social attribute of the activity of religious brokerage. Our case studies are three religious communities in the city: Muslim Pakistani, Sikh and Philippine Catholic. Based on research using a mixed methodology, combining semi-structured interviews, observation and social network analysis (SNA), we look at the spaces where mediation occurs and the composition of the mediators' personal networks. The results obtained lead us to consider sense of place and sociability as necessary aspects of religious brokerage.
Research Interests:
How do expert trainers and athletes instruct and attend to new moves? The objective of this paper is to analize communication patterns in sports settings. We propose a pragmatic view on cognition through an integrated theoretical model.... more
How do expert trainers and athletes instruct and attend to new moves? The objective of this paper is to analize communication patterns in sports settings. We propose a pragmatic view on cognition through an integrated theoretical model. We claim that communication modalities cannot be reduced to individual minds but must be understood as distributed cognitive mechanisms among different individuals and resources. We compare two case studies, an aikido session in the USA and Olympic synchronized swimming training in Spain with a video‐aided cognitive ethnography and Conversation Analysis. By exploring these specific events we have a better understanding how athletes attend to instructions by using multiple modalities. Our findings show how trainers and athletes communicate augmented information that is not available in a self‐exploratory performance. They rely on augmented information through speech, but also gesture, marking, direction of gaze and body posture. Moreover, the skills of trainers and trainees include embodied and epistemic actions. They share visual assumptions on which are the right moves. Distributed attention is at the roots of these shared and embodied skills. Distributed attention is a type of distributed cognition in sports trainings.
Research Interests:
Research on heterophily as a relational phenomenon is mostly limited to specific professional contexts which do not include knowledge about status or value heteroph-ily as a possible group-generating principle. This article tries to close... more
Research on heterophily as a relational phenomenon is mostly limited to specific professional contexts which do not include knowledge about status or value heteroph-ily as a possible group-generating principle. This article tries to close this gap by proposing and applying a new method of data analysis to investigate this possible role of heterophily. We apply social network analysis to personal network data. As a preliminary, we introduce a conceptual distinction between two types of heterophily, what we call intra-category heterophily and inter-category heterophily, and we validate the adjusted residuals of contingency tables to measure these two types of heterophily. Then, we reconstruct the relational space of these heterophilous relations among categories or attributes defined by socio-demographic and status characteristics. Finally, we group by faction algorithm the categories or attributes that maintain denser heterophilous relationships with each other than with the rest. The methodology proves to be valid and useful for achieving the desired analytical objective, revealing that status-heterophilous relationships can be considered as guiding principles, or mechanisms, for generating groups of social categories.
Research Interests:
What is artistic participation? Making transparent the guts of art making is the new hype. The star of the show is the body of the artist. And it crosses disciplinary boundaries, reaching into academia as well: within the UCLA’s School... more
What is artistic participation? Making transparent the guts of art making is the new hype. The star of the show is the body of the artist. And it crosses disciplinary boundaries, reaching into academia as well: within the UCLA’s School of Architecture & Urban Design, thereis the Master of Architecture of Performance by Supraestudio-Mack. Let’s think of Sarah Szé’s Triple Point at the 55th Biennale or the explosion of body performances
and happenings in festivals everywhere. The body is the subject matter of art fairs like ARCO, festivals like Biennale or exhibits such as Dans l’atelier at the Petit Palais. In all these examples, the body is taken as a tool for thinking as well as a place for creativity. We claim that artistic practice goes beyond the body and involves a certain level of social interaction. Thus, the unit of analysis of artistic practice cannot be the artist/performer/participant bodies. Individual actions cannot be fully understood without taking into account the social context of the studio. Following De Jaegher, Di Paolo & Gallagher (2010), we define social interaction as a given dyadic coordination of interactivity.
and happenings in festivals everywhere. The body is the subject matter of art fairs like ARCO, festivals like Biennale or exhibits such as Dans l’atelier at the Petit Palais. In all these examples, the body is taken as a tool for thinking as well as a place for creativity. We claim that artistic practice goes beyond the body and involves a certain level of social interaction. Thus, the unit of analysis of artistic practice cannot be the artist/performer/participant bodies. Individual actions cannot be fully understood without taking into account the social context of the studio. Following De Jaegher, Di Paolo & Gallagher (2010), we define social interaction as a given dyadic coordination of interactivity.
Research Interests:
We undertook a detailed ethnographic study of the dance creation process of a noted choreographer and his distinguished troupe. All choreographer dancer interactions were videoed, the choreographer and dancers were interviewed extensively... more
We undertook a detailed ethnographic study of the dance creation process of a noted choreographer and his distinguished troupe. All choreographer dancer interactions were videoed, the choreographer and dancers were interviewed extensively each day, as well as other observations and tests performed. The choreographer used three main methods to produce high quality and novel content: showing, making-on, and tasking. We present, analyze and evaluate these methods, and show how these approaches allow the choreographer to increase the creative output of the dancers and him. His methods, although designed for dance, apply more generally to other creative endeavors, especially where brainstorming is involved, and where the creative process is distributed over many individuals. His approach is also a case study in multi-modal direction, owing to the range of mechanisms he uses to communicate and direct.
Research Interests:
What happens when we move with others? How do dancers predict and synchronize their single moves and build a duet, a trio or a quartet? Within a video-aided ethnography of dance we observed and interviewed from 2009 to 2014 the members... more
What happens when we move with others? How do dancers predict and synchronize their single moves and build a duet, a trio or a quartet? Within a video-aided ethnography of dance we observed and interviewed from 2009 to 2014 the members Wayne McGregor- Random Dance Company in London. Our goal is to define the nature of artistic partnering moving past the phenomenological subjectivity that dominates the theoretical production in the dance field. Dancers follow instructions, improvise, learn and create new moves my doing what they do best, dance. In this paper we want to speak about dancing in duets, in other words partnering, a specific type of face-to-face interaction that Schutz (1967, 1971, 1976) defines as a preccomunicative social interaction.
Research Interests:
This paper is an empirically based contribution on the communication of corrections in synchronized swimming. Our claim is that marking is a socially organized skill that can be found in sports corrections. Through video-aided... more
This paper is an empirically based contribution on the communication of corrections in synchronized swimming. Our claim is that marking is a socially organized skill that can be found in sports corrections. Through video-aided ethnographic work, which includes observation and interviewing the Spanish Olympic team for four months, we captured standardized communication patterns. Conversation Analysis allows us to locate the pathways of communication modalities in real professional trainings. We analyzed the video of the training sessions with ELAN software for micro-interactions. Our results show that the modalities of speech, marking, gesture and gaze appear in synchronized swimming. There is an epistemological asymmetry between the trainer and the swimmers as experts from different domains. Still, we found instances of distributed marking in gaze behavior. Moreover, marking for others in synchronized swimming is a modality that goes beyond individual reflexivity and recall. Corrections in sports training are a product of socially managed turn taking.
Research Interests:
Having a conversation with Aaron Cicourel is a total experience. His capacity for bringing up deep theoretical and methodological issues through everyday examples and lay terms makes lunch a highly enjoyable and academically intense... more
Having a conversation with Aaron Cicourel is a total
experience. His capacity for bringing up deep theoretical
and methodological issues through everyday examples and
lay terms makes lunch a highly enjoyable and academically
intense encounter. We met on a Monday afternoon, at
the home of Carlos Lozares and Anna Estany.
experience. His capacity for bringing up deep theoretical
and methodological issues through everyday examples and
lay terms makes lunch a highly enjoyable and academically
intense encounter. We met on a Monday afternoon, at
the home of Carlos Lozares and Anna Estany.
Research Interests: Medical Sociology, Sociology of Culture, Epistemology, Research Methodology, Qualitative methodology, and 17 moreCognition, Distributed Cognition, Social Interaction, Phenomenology, Chicago School, Rational Choice, Ethnography (Research Methodology), Ethnomethodology, Cognitive Anthropology, Alfred Schutz (Sociology), Interviewing, Erving Goffman, Sociology, Cultural Study, Ethnomethodology, Harold Garfinkel, Cognitive Sociology, Howard Becker, and Aaron Cicourel
The expression “my space” appears constantly in the spontaneous discourse of young mothers, defining a need for autonomy and self-realization that becomes paramount once the baby is born. Among fathers’, the favored claim seems to be the... more
The expression “my space” appears constantly in the spontaneous discourse of young mothers, defining a need for autonomy and self-realization that becomes paramount once the baby is born. Among fathers’, the favored claim seems to be the opposite: spending time with their child is described as a way of unwinding from work, and thus a way of constructing this private space. We follow a socio-cognitive paradigm, based on Idealized Cognitive Models (Lakoff, 1987). We made eight face to face interviews and two Skype interviews. Since discourse is shaped by age, class, occupation and gender, our sample is restricted to middle class young parents with at least one child from 6 months to 2 years old, balanced by gender and activity. We looked into what these discursive differences say about the experiences of mothers and fathers in taking care of their children. The discursive topos indicates a strongly-gendered construction of roles based on care as a primary activity for mothers, which excludes fathers. Still, this gendered construction of time and space seems to go through transformations that create diversity and that ought to take into account.
Research Interests: Neuroscience, Gender Studies, Communication, Feminist Theory, Family studies, and 22 moreFeminist Epistemology, Parenting, Roland Barthes, Gender Discourse, Feminism, Metaphor, Cognitive Linguistics, Feminism(s), Negotiation (Psychology), Feminist Psychology, Metonymy, George Lakoff, Gender stereotypes, Feminismo, Neurociencias, Género, Gender inequality, Work Life Balance, Feminisme, Sociologia da desigualdade; estudos de gênero; teorias sociológicas, Semi-Structured Interviews, and Parenthood
This paper arises from the need to explain expert decision-making in professional environments from a plural and interdisciplinary perspective. An extended review of Rational Choice Theory (RCT) from its first developments to current... more
This paper arises from the need to explain expert decision-making in professional environments from a plural and interdisciplinary perspective. An extended review of Rational Choice Theory (RCT) from its first developments to current trends makes explicit the mismatch between RCT and empirical work settings. A review of recent theories on the cognitive abilities of agents makes clear the lack of integration between findings in evolutionary psychology, cognitive science, perceptual psychology and neurology, and those proposed by RCT. We will examine the causes for the failure of Good Old Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI), the strongest empirical program for testing RCT premises. Contributions from the cognitive and social sciences put forward the weaknesses of analytical sociology at all four levels: the biological, the psychological, the epistemological, and the ontological. Alternative explanations from contemporary cognitive science will be put forward.
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Artificial Intelligence, Epistemology, Decision Making, Expertise, and 15 moreInterdisciplinarity, Philosophy of Psychology, Distributed Cognition, Embodied Cognition, Rational Choice, Behavioral Decision Making, Cognitive Linguistics, Decision Making Under Uncertainty, Clinical Decision-Making, John R. Searle, Analytical Sociology, Analytical Psychology, Cognitive Ethnography, Hubert Dreyfus, and Toma De Decisiones
Creative choice is an individual act. As in other fields such as filmmaking, dance creation is based on a cognItive dualism that considers the choreographer as the creative decision-maker, while the dancer is objectified. The dancer’s... more
Creative choice is an individual act. As in other fields such as filmmaking, dance creation is based on a cognItive dualism that considers the choreographer as the creative decision-maker, while the dancer is objectified. The dancer’s body is an instrument for exploration of the choreographer’s imagery. We claim that the products of creativity are minute but crucial modifications of transitory stages of a dance rehearsal. On the one hand, attention is given to a dance company as a distributed cognitive system. The choreographer communicates in diverse modalities, which carry specific information, physical as well as symbolic. Through the analysis of an audiovisual and cognitive ethnography with ELAN software we find differences in decision-making patterns across multimodal instructions. On the other hand, we apply Social Network Analysis and UCINET software as a methodological innovation in order to formalize data from observed rehearsal settings. In all, the choice of modalities in the chorographical instruction shapes movement production, which is based on dyads, triads and other forms of creative interaction.
Research Interests: Communication, Social Networks, Dance Studies, Creativity, Ethnography, and 12 moreMixed Methods, Social Cognition, Situated Learning, Workplace Studies, Sociology of Arts, Artistic Research, Multimodality, Dance, Visual Sociology (Visual Studies), Video Analysis, Social Networks Analysis, and Artistic Practice
This paper is on the role that the phone plays in a mixed-methods empirical research. In the current sociological literature, the phone is a methodological object associated with quantitative fieldwork, while little is said on the phone... more
This paper is on the role that the phone plays in a mixed-methods empirical research. In the current sociological literature, the phone is a methodological object associated with quantitative fieldwork, while little is said on the phone as a tool for qualitative research. We reflect here on a case study on the use of parental leaves by fathers in Spain, which included the phone as the only communication tool between researchers and subjects. We collect out own experience as interviewers in the qualitative phase of the research project, and interviewed surveyors working in the field. We analyze the discursive data following grounded theory principles and compare the use of both techniques in the data gathering process, including sampling and design. Thus, we consider interviewing and surveying as mediated communication situations. Our findings show that the value of the phone as a tool for research is a matter of adequacy to a given methodology, rather than an issue of validity, reliability, or credibility.
Research Interests:
The aim of this article is to identify and analyse the logic and structure of centrality measures applied to social networks. On the basis of the article by Borgatti and Everett, identifying the latent functions of centrality, we first... more
The aim of this article is to identify and analyse the logic and structure of centrality measures applied to social networks. On the basis of the article by Borgatti and Everett, identifying the latent functions of centrality, we first use a survey of personal networks with 450 cases to perform an empirical study of the differences and correspondences between degree, closeness and betweenness centrality in personal networks. Then, we examine the correspondences between the three global indicators in each type of centrality: the maximum value, the mean value and the hierarchy or centralization. The results provide a better understanding of the centrality indicators of networks and the reality that they express in an empirical context.
Research Interests:
Visual ethnography is a method for looking at compared creative settings that are messy, complex and uncertain environments. Creativity in artistic professions is highly contextual and intersubjective. As recent developments from... more
Visual ethnography is a method for looking at compared creative settings that are messy, complex and uncertain environments. Creativity in artistic professions is highly contextual and intersubjective. As recent developments
from cognitive science and embodied cognition put forward, the production of knowledge extends beyond the individual agent and is embedded in functional, technical and communicative patterns of interaction. I propose as study case our comparative analysis of visual ethnographies on dance and synchronized swimming, in Barcelona and London. By using the tools offered by new
technologies such as ELAN (The Language Archive) software, we show that qualitative sociological observation can include analog as well as digital methods. Our longitudinal comparisons between cases, through the entrance process, data gathering, and data analysis shows how researchers are flexible in practice, and methodologically promiscuous. It is through theoretical coding
and reflexivity that one can avoid reification in creative contexts.
from cognitive science and embodied cognition put forward, the production of knowledge extends beyond the individual agent and is embedded in functional, technical and communicative patterns of interaction. I propose as study case our comparative analysis of visual ethnographies on dance and synchronized swimming, in Barcelona and London. By using the tools offered by new
technologies such as ELAN (The Language Archive) software, we show that qualitative sociological observation can include analog as well as digital methods. Our longitudinal comparisons between cases, through the entrance process, data gathering, and data analysis shows how researchers are flexible in practice, and methodologically promiscuous. It is through theoretical coding
and reflexivity that one can avoid reification in creative contexts.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
We undertook a detailed ethnographic study of the dance creation process of a noted choreographer and his distinguished troupe. All choreographer dancer interactions were video’ed, the choreographer and dancers were interviewed... more
We undertook a detailed ethnographic study of the
dance creation process of a noted choreographer and
his distinguished troupe. All choreographer dancer
interactions were video’ed, the choreographer and
dancers were interviewed extensively each day, as
well as other observations and tests performed. The
choreographer used three main methods to produce
high quality and novel content: showing, making-on,
and tasking. We present, analyze and evaluate these
methods, and show how these approaches allow the
choreographer to increase the creative output of the
dancers and himself. His methods, although designed
for dance, apply more generally to other creative
endeavors, especially where brainstorming is involved,
and where the creative process is distributed over many
individuals. His approach is also a case study in multi-
modal direction, owing to the range of mechanisms he
uses to communicate and direct.generating novel, high quality dance creations.
dance creation process of a noted choreographer and
his distinguished troupe. All choreographer dancer
interactions were video’ed, the choreographer and
dancers were interviewed extensively each day, as
well as other observations and tests performed. The
choreographer used three main methods to produce
high quality and novel content: showing, making-on,
and tasking. We present, analyze and evaluate these
methods, and show how these approaches allow the
choreographer to increase the creative output of the
dancers and himself. His methods, although designed
for dance, apply more generally to other creative
endeavors, especially where brainstorming is involved,
and where the creative process is distributed over many
individuals. His approach is also a case study in multi-
modal direction, owing to the range of mechanisms he
uses to communicate and direct.generating novel, high quality dance creations.
Research Interests:
We define, classify and discover new functions, aspects and types of marking as a body skill. Through a cognitive ethnography of a top class dance company we collected extensive video data on the complete rehearsal process as well as... more
We define, classify and discover new functions, aspects and types of marking as a body skill. Through a cognitive ethnography of a top class dance company we collected extensive video data on the complete rehearsal process as well as concise speech extracted from multiple interviews made to the dancers and the choreographer. We provide a detailed qualitative explanation of the dancers’ activity to show how marking can be a vehicle for physical thinking. The dancers’ bodies perform multiple cognitive functions when marking. Dancers mark for recall, but also for refining, communicating and coordinating new relevant multimodal information during the rehearsal of a new choreography. Moreover, a quantification of the sequence of movements and the definition of invariant geometrical transformations provides an objective account of this interactive phenomenon.
Research Interests:
"This is a report on the design of a video-aided cognitive ethnography. The original inquiry targeted expert knowledge in a hospital setting. Given that medical work processes are far from homogeneous, research is not based upon... more
"This is a report on the design of a video-aided cognitive ethnography. The original inquiry targeted expert knowledge in a hospital setting. Given that medical work processes are far from homogeneous, research is not based upon quantitative analysis. Since such knowledge calls for gathering a qualitative sort of data, both intensive and situated, I examine the implications of conflictive methodological standpoints in sociology. Work environment digital video and computer-mediated observations with TRANSANA® are adequate tools for the exploration of paramount concepts in the cognitive study of expertise, found in communicative sequences and embodied practices of situated agents.
Key words: Expert knowledge, Video, Cognitive Ethnography, Reification, Intrusion, Literality"
Key words: Expert knowledge, Video, Cognitive Ethnography, Reification, Intrusion, Literality"
Research Interests:
Stereotypes in the creative process reproduce the mainstream gendering of knowledge. From Becker and on, the focus of analysis has moved down to the deep micro sociological level. As noted by dance theory and sociology of art, gender... more
Stereotypes in the creative process reproduce the mainstream gendering of knowledge. From Becker and on, the focus of analysis has moved down to the deep micro sociological level. As noted by dance theory and sociology of art, gender stereotypes are powerful topos for the production of chorographical meaning.
Audiences project almost universally an erotic relationship onto a classical duet. Such roles are not only apparent in the reception dimension of dance, but are constantly part of its everyday production. Focusing on how artists think, and looking for the mechanisms for thought in the chorographical process, we come to
understand the gender effects on task sharing and completion. A cognitive ethnography of a contemporary dance rehearsal is proposed. A correspondence can be established between the types of directive interactions from a particular dance company and the dancer’s gender. Such differences may seem less relevant in dance, where other means for expression are paramount, such as gesture and movement. Nevertheless, while body awareness configures the
dancers’ resources, words are the choreographer’s main modality of instruction and so it shapes legitimate creative behavior.""
Audiences project almost universally an erotic relationship onto a classical duet. Such roles are not only apparent in the reception dimension of dance, but are constantly part of its everyday production. Focusing on how artists think, and looking for the mechanisms for thought in the chorographical process, we come to
understand the gender effects on task sharing and completion. A cognitive ethnography of a contemporary dance rehearsal is proposed. A correspondence can be established between the types of directive interactions from a particular dance company and the dancer’s gender. Such differences may seem less relevant in dance, where other means for expression are paramount, such as gesture and movement. Nevertheless, while body awareness configures the
dancers’ resources, words are the choreographer’s main modality of instruction and so it shapes legitimate creative behavior.""
Research Interests:
(CAT) En el context canviant dels consensos bàsics que constitueixen la cultura legítima i les definicions de creativitat, la sociologia de la cultura hi juga un paper important. Nombrosos estudis en ciències socials i cognitives ho... more
(CAT) En el context canviant dels consensos bàsics que constitueixen la cultura legítima i les definicions de creativitat, la sociologia de
la cultura hi juga un paper important. Nombrosos estudis en ciències socials i cognitives ho demostren empíricament (Bourdieu,
1979; Becker, 1982; 2002; Sennett, 2012; Muntanyola-Saura, 2012; 2014; 2016). La creativitat com a forma de cognició social
forma part d'un context institucional. No obstant això, la influent branca culturalista de la sociologia cognitiva (CCS) redueix la
creativitat a un nivell psicològic cognitivista (Lizardo i Strand, 2010). Partim aquí de la conjectura que és possible per a la sociologia
de la cultura aprofitar el paradigma naturalista de la cognició per explicar la creativitat sense caure en postures reduccionistes
ni atomistes. Per tant, el cos de l'article és una revisió bibliogràfica que sense tenir la ambició de ser exhaustiva sí que ofereix
una mirada completa sobre uns models pragmàtics i integrats de creativitat. Es té en compte la diversitat de propostes teòricoempíriques
que existeixen, per tal d'identificar els postulats de partida dels autors que centralitzen el debat tant a nivell macro
com a nivell micro. Els estudis analitzats presenten processos intersubjectius de creació i transmissió de criteris més o menys
legítims de consum cultural, com ara categoritzacions, avaluacions i judicis estètics. La conclusió és que la perspectiva sociològica
pot reforçar críticament la creativitat.
(ESP)En el contexto cambiante de los consensos básicos que constituyen la cultura legítima y las definiciones de creatividad, la sociología
de la cultura juega un papel importante. Numerosos estudios en ciencias sociales y cognitivas lo demuestran empíricamente
(Bourdieu, 1979; Becker, 1982; 2002; Sennett, 2012; Muntanyola-Saura, 2012; 2014; 2016). La creatividad como forma de cognición
social forma parte de un contexto institucional. Sin embargo, la influyente rama culturalista de la sociología cognitiva (CCS) reduce
la creatividad a un nivel psicológico cognitivista (Lizardo y Strand, 2010). Partimos aquí de la conjetura de que es posible para
la sociología de la cultura aprovechar el paradigma naturalista de la cognición para explicar la creatividad sin caer en posturas
reduccionistas ni atomistas. Por lo tanto, el cuerpo de este artículo es una revisión bibliográfica que sin tener la ambición de ser
exhaustiva sí que ofrece una mirada completa sobre unos modelos pragmáticos e integrados de creatividad. Se tiene en cuenta
la diversidad de propuestas que existe para identificar los postulados de partida de los autores que centralizan el debate tanto a
nivel macro como a nivel micro. Los estudios analizados presentan procesos intersubjetivos de creación y transmisión de criterios
más o menos legítimos de consumo cultural, como por ejemplo categorizaciones, evaluaciones y juicios estéticos. La conclusión
es que la perspectiva sociológica puede reforzar críticamente la creatividad.
(eng) The Sociology of Culture has much to say when it comes to the ever-changing general consensus on what constitutes legitimate
culture and definitions of creativity. The naturalistic studies on cognition in social and cognitive sciences show this empirically
(Bourdieu, 1979: Becker, 1982, 2002; Sennett, 2012; Author, 2014). Creative cognition is part of an institutional context. However,
the influential culturalist branch of cognitive sociology (CCS) reduces creativity to a cognitivist psychological level (Lizardo and
Strand, 2010). We start from the conjecture that the Sociology of Culture can draw on the naturalistic paradigm of cognition to
explain creativity without falling into reductionist or atomist positions. The authors take the diversity of theoretical-empirical
proposals into account in identifying the starting points for focusing the debate at both the macro and micro levels. The body of
the article comprises a literature review which, while not exhaustive, offers a full picture of the pragmatic and integrated models of
creativity. The studies analysed present inter-subjective processes of creation and the transmission of variable legitimate criteria
concerning cultural consumption such as categorisations, evaluations and aesthetic judgments. The sociological perspective
offers scope for strengthening critical tools for examining creativity.
la cultura hi juga un paper important. Nombrosos estudis en ciències socials i cognitives ho demostren empíricament (Bourdieu,
1979; Becker, 1982; 2002; Sennett, 2012; Muntanyola-Saura, 2012; 2014; 2016). La creativitat com a forma de cognició social
forma part d'un context institucional. No obstant això, la influent branca culturalista de la sociologia cognitiva (CCS) redueix la
creativitat a un nivell psicològic cognitivista (Lizardo i Strand, 2010). Partim aquí de la conjectura que és possible per a la sociologia
de la cultura aprofitar el paradigma naturalista de la cognició per explicar la creativitat sense caure en postures reduccionistes
ni atomistes. Per tant, el cos de l'article és una revisió bibliogràfica que sense tenir la ambició de ser exhaustiva sí que ofereix
una mirada completa sobre uns models pragmàtics i integrats de creativitat. Es té en compte la diversitat de propostes teòricoempíriques
que existeixen, per tal d'identificar els postulats de partida dels autors que centralitzen el debat tant a nivell macro
com a nivell micro. Els estudis analitzats presenten processos intersubjectius de creació i transmissió de criteris més o menys
legítims de consum cultural, com ara categoritzacions, avaluacions i judicis estètics. La conclusió és que la perspectiva sociològica
pot reforçar críticament la creativitat.
(ESP)En el contexto cambiante de los consensos básicos que constituyen la cultura legítima y las definiciones de creatividad, la sociología
de la cultura juega un papel importante. Numerosos estudios en ciencias sociales y cognitivas lo demuestran empíricamente
(Bourdieu, 1979; Becker, 1982; 2002; Sennett, 2012; Muntanyola-Saura, 2012; 2014; 2016). La creatividad como forma de cognición
social forma parte de un contexto institucional. Sin embargo, la influyente rama culturalista de la sociología cognitiva (CCS) reduce
la creatividad a un nivel psicológico cognitivista (Lizardo y Strand, 2010). Partimos aquí de la conjetura de que es posible para
la sociología de la cultura aprovechar el paradigma naturalista de la cognición para explicar la creatividad sin caer en posturas
reduccionistas ni atomistas. Por lo tanto, el cuerpo de este artículo es una revisión bibliográfica que sin tener la ambición de ser
exhaustiva sí que ofrece una mirada completa sobre unos modelos pragmáticos e integrados de creatividad. Se tiene en cuenta
la diversidad de propuestas que existe para identificar los postulados de partida de los autores que centralizan el debate tanto a
nivel macro como a nivel micro. Los estudios analizados presentan procesos intersubjetivos de creación y transmisión de criterios
más o menos legítimos de consumo cultural, como por ejemplo categorizaciones, evaluaciones y juicios estéticos. La conclusión
es que la perspectiva sociológica puede reforzar críticamente la creatividad.
(eng) The Sociology of Culture has much to say when it comes to the ever-changing general consensus on what constitutes legitimate
culture and definitions of creativity. The naturalistic studies on cognition in social and cognitive sciences show this empirically
(Bourdieu, 1979: Becker, 1982, 2002; Sennett, 2012; Author, 2014). Creative cognition is part of an institutional context. However,
the influential culturalist branch of cognitive sociology (CCS) reduces creativity to a cognitivist psychological level (Lizardo and
Strand, 2010). We start from the conjecture that the Sociology of Culture can draw on the naturalistic paradigm of cognition to
explain creativity without falling into reductionist or atomist positions. The authors take the diversity of theoretical-empirical
proposals into account in identifying the starting points for focusing the debate at both the macro and micro levels. The body of
the article comprises a literature review which, while not exhaustive, offers a full picture of the pragmatic and integrated models of
creativity. The studies analysed present inter-subjective processes of creation and the transmission of variable legitimate criteria
concerning cultural consumption such as categorisations, evaluations and aesthetic judgments. The sociological perspective
offers scope for strengthening critical tools for examining creativity.
Research Interests:
El contenido principal del artículo se orienta a analizar conjuntos de conceptos que se vinculan cognitivamente entre sí para construir entornos semánticamente conectados mediante el Análisis Reticular del Discurso (ARD). El ARD se... more
El contenido principal del artículo se orienta a analizar conjuntos de conceptos
que se vinculan cognitivamente entre sí para construir entornos semánticamente
conectados mediante el Análisis Reticular del Discurso (ARD). El ARD se inspira
en los modelos algebraicos de la Teoría y Análisis de las Redes Sociales (TARS)
para abordar el análisis e interpretación de datos textuales. El artículo, en una primera
parte, va recorriendo las concepciones teóricas que se acercan a una concepción
que vincula una visión del lenguaje entre lo cognitivo y la praxis con una metodología
cuantitativa, como es la Teoría y Análisis de las Redes Sociales (TARS).
La TARS constituye un álgebra flexible y adaptable a cualquier encrucijada relacional,
por lo que se ha adaptado provechosamente al análisis del discurso, conformando
todo un conjunto de análisis conocidos como ARD. La segunda parte del
artículo se centra en un ejercicio de aplicación, cual análisis de caso, que funciona
a modo de ejemplificación de las propuestas teóricas y metodológicas anteriores.
que se vinculan cognitivamente entre sí para construir entornos semánticamente
conectados mediante el Análisis Reticular del Discurso (ARD). El ARD se inspira
en los modelos algebraicos de la Teoría y Análisis de las Redes Sociales (TARS)
para abordar el análisis e interpretación de datos textuales. El artículo, en una primera
parte, va recorriendo las concepciones teóricas que se acercan a una concepción
que vincula una visión del lenguaje entre lo cognitivo y la praxis con una metodología
cuantitativa, como es la Teoría y Análisis de las Redes Sociales (TARS).
La TARS constituye un álgebra flexible y adaptable a cualquier encrucijada relacional,
por lo que se ha adaptado provechosamente al análisis del discurso, conformando
todo un conjunto de análisis conocidos como ARD. La segunda parte del
artículo se centra en un ejercicio de aplicación, cual análisis de caso, que funciona
a modo de ejemplificación de las propuestas teóricas y metodológicas anteriores.
Research Interests:
El artículo analiza el rol de la mediación religiosa (religious brokage) a partir de la preeminencia del capital cultural y social. Una ciudad como Barcelona deviene lugar de llegada y asentamiento de población con trayectorias y... more
El artículo analiza el rol de la mediación religiosa (religious brokage) a
partir de la preeminencia del capital cultural y social. Una ciudad como
Barcelona deviene lugar de llegada y asentamiento de población con
trayectorias y prácticas plurales. Creemos que el lugar urbano de la
intermediación es un atributo cultural a la vez que social de la actividad
de la mediación. Nuestros casos de estudio son tres comunidades
religiosas de la ciudad: la comunidad musulmana pakistaní, la
comunidad sikh y la filipina católica. A partir de una investigación
basada en métodos mixtos, con entrevistas semiestructuradas,
observación y análisis por redes sociales (ARS), delimitamos el lugar
de la mediación y la composición de sus redes personales. Los
resultados obtenidos nos llevan a considerar la sociabilidad y el
sentido del lugar como atributos necesarios de la mediación religiosa.
partir de la preeminencia del capital cultural y social. Una ciudad como
Barcelona deviene lugar de llegada y asentamiento de población con
trayectorias y prácticas plurales. Creemos que el lugar urbano de la
intermediación es un atributo cultural a la vez que social de la actividad
de la mediación. Nuestros casos de estudio son tres comunidades
religiosas de la ciudad: la comunidad musulmana pakistaní, la
comunidad sikh y la filipina católica. A partir de una investigación
basada en métodos mixtos, con entrevistas semiestructuradas,
observación y análisis por redes sociales (ARS), delimitamos el lugar
de la mediación y la composición de sus redes personales. Los
resultados obtenidos nos llevan a considerar la sociabilidad y el
sentido del lugar como atributos necesarios de la mediación religiosa.
Research Interests:
El artículo aborda, como ensayo experimental, un tratamiento reticular aplicado a una narración. Se inicia partiendo de la idea de red semántica pasando a la de entorno situacional que se aproxima al ‘marco-frame’ con un contenido más... more
El artículo aborda, como ensayo experimental, un tratamiento reticular aplicado a una narración. Se inicia partiendo de la idea de red semántica pasando a la de entorno situacional que se aproxima al ‘marco-frame’ con un contenido más cercano a una orientación pragmática. Otro concepto importante es el de entorno reticular basado en el entorno situacional. El concepto de entorno reticular establece la vinculación, como objeto de análisis, con el álgebra específica de la Teoría y Análisis de las Redes Sociales, (TARS). Ambos conceptos, entorno situacional y reticular son claves en la propuesta que se hace en el artículo. El indicador básico aplicado en el análisis es el de clique. El contenido del análisis son relatos de alumnos universitarios sobre acontecimientos importantes en su vida cotidiana y las relaciones que ellos establecen entre dichos acontecimientos. Como objetivo teórico y analítico se aplica la TARS a las redes de relaciones entre los contenidos narrativos para interpretar el discurso mediando los vínculos entre acontecimientos. La metodología y el análisis implementados son
específicos de la TARS, no particularmente frecuentes en los análisis e interpretación de narraciones y/o discursos. Es también una aportación a los métodos mixtos, concretamente a la interpretación cualitativa de datos cuantitativos.
específicos de la TARS, no particularmente frecuentes en los análisis e interpretación de narraciones y/o discursos. Es también una aportación a los métodos mixtos, concretamente a la interpretación cualitativa de datos cuantitativos.
Research Interests:
En el entrenamiento de natación sincronizada confluyen elementos artísticos y deportivos de alta competitividad. Nos preguntamos cómo contribuyen los andamiajes y affordances a la estabilización de los recursos cognitivos de la... more
En el entrenamiento de natación sincronizada confluyen elementos artísticos y deportivos de alta competitividad. Nos preguntamos cómo contribuyen los andamiajes y affordances a la estabilización de los recursos cognitivos de la entrenadora y de las nadadoras del equipo olímpico español de natación sincronizada. Vamos a detenernos en qué se entiende por recursos cognitivos y en los posibles sentidos de andamiaje y affordance. Y examinamos las pautas comunicativas y el proceso de trabajo que da lugar al entrenamiento de natación sincronizada. Proponemos una etnografía cognitiva de los entrenamientos, un método innovador que sistematiza los patrones de actividad de las interacciones locales entre los participantes de la formación deportiva. Hemos utilizado el programa ELAN e incorporado las técnicas de descripción jeffersonianas que provienen del método de análisis conversacional. Los resultados muestran cómo el proceso de entrenamiento implica la interacción en un entorno que incluye otros agentes sociales, recursos materiales y modelos conceptuales que se retroalimentan.
Research Interests:
O vídeo é uma ferramenta que poderia expandir a perspectiva sociológica. Em ambientes complexos e de trabalho aparentemente caótico como os ambientes artísticos, o audiovisual pode ajudar a compreender os padrões de interação e... more
O vídeo é uma ferramenta que poderia expandir a perspectiva sociológica. Em ambientes complexos e de trabalho aparentemente caótico como os ambientes artísticos, o audiovisual pode ajudar a compreender os padrões de interação e comunicação de criatividade. Como uma ferramenta para a investigação social, complementa e modifica a dinâmica de observação no trabalho de campo. Como parte do método etnográfico, que afeta o processo de análise dos dados empíricos recolhidos. Apresentamos aqui uma reflexão metodológica centrada em uma etnografia audiovisual de um ensaio de dança de uma empresa inglesa de ballet neoclássico que teve lugar em Londres, entre 2009 e 2014. Também vamos fazer um ponto em comparação com outros processos de trabalho artístico, como um tiroteio em um estúdio televisão ou na formação de nado sincronizado. Através de uma história natural (Cicourel, 1974) de recolha de dados e análise destas etnografias audiovisuais, mostramos como o vídeo tornou-se uma ferramenta no processo de pesquisa. Além disso, iremos detalhar o papel de ELAN software de análise visual na análise de narrativas audiovisuais. Dado o caráter intersubjetivo de ambas as atividades, científica e criativa, a etnografia audiovisual de dança aparece como uma atividade flexível e metodologicamente promíscua. Em suma, a perspectiva sociológica em etnografia audiovisual precisa, como toda iniciativa empírica,o manejo da teoria de maneira reflexiva.
Research Interests:
El panorama que el libro ofrece es extremadamente rico y diverso, tanto en términos de terrenos de práctica artística cubiertos (la ópera, el rock, las artes visuales, la danza, el teatro, la literatura, la arquitectura, la cocina), como... more
El panorama que el libro ofrece es extremadamente rico y diverso, tanto en términos de terrenos de práctica artística cubiertos (la ópera, el rock, las artes visuales, la danza, el teatro, la literatura, la arquitectura, la cocina), como de ámbitos temáticos abordados (universos de creadores, recepción y gusto, insti- tuciones y organizaciones artísticas, prácticas de creación y prácticas profesio- nales, prácticas de evaluación y valoración). A partir de un enfoque esencial- mente global, los autores de estos diversos trabajos, originarios de España, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, México y Uruguay, ofrecen unas nuevas claves para el desarrollo de esta disciplina en el ámbito hispanohablante.
Research Interests:
Abstract. The richness of dance comes from the need to work with an individual body. Still, the body of the dancer belongs to plural context, crossed by artistic and social traditions, which locate the artists in a given field. We claim... more
Abstract. The richness of dance comes from the need to work with an individual body. Still, the body of
the dancer belongs to plural context, crossed by artistic and social traditions, which locate the artists in
a given field. We claim that role conflict is an essential component of the structure of collective artistic
creativity. We address the production of discourse in a British dance company, with data that spawns
from the ethnography ‘Dance and Cognition’, directed by David Kirsh at the University of California,
together with WayneMcGregor-Random Dance. Our Critical Discourse Analysis is based on multiple
interviews to the dancers and choreographer. Our findings show how creativity in dance seems to be
empirically observable, and thus embodied and distributed shaped by the dance habitus of the particular
social context.
Keywords: narrative; dance; habitus; emotion; music; memory.
the dancer belongs to plural context, crossed by artistic and social traditions, which locate the artists in
a given field. We claim that role conflict is an essential component of the structure of collective artistic
creativity. We address the production of discourse in a British dance company, with data that spawns
from the ethnography ‘Dance and Cognition’, directed by David Kirsh at the University of California,
together with WayneMcGregor-Random Dance. Our Critical Discourse Analysis is based on multiple
interviews to the dancers and choreographer. Our findings show how creativity in dance seems to be
empirically observable, and thus embodied and distributed shaped by the dance habitus of the particular
social context.
Keywords: narrative; dance; habitus; emotion; music; memory.
Research Interests: Discourse Analysis, Music, Ethnography, Emotions (Social Psychology), Memory Studies, and 14 moreHabitus, Pierre Bourdieu, Narrative Analysis, Sociology of Dance, Dance, Affordances, Erving Goffman, Etnografía, Sociologia De Las Emociones, Sociología De La Música, Danza, Role Theory, Social Roles, and Body memory
Musicality in dance does not need music. ¿How is musicality apparent in the dance studio, and to what extent is a social construct? We define musicality as a social skill. We analize how dancers share their artistic judgement when... more
Musicality in dance does not need music. ¿How is musicality apparent in the dance studio, and to what extent is a social construct? We define musicality as a social skill. We analize how dancers share their artistic judgement when narrating the choreographical tasks that take place when rehearsing a new piece. Our claim for this paper is that musicality is part of a vocabulary of motives as artistic justification. As a social skill, musicality relies on two other social skills, listening and fisicality. To capture the variability of the phenomenon, we have observed what happens when the choreographer gives instructions and directs a rehearsal within a cognitive ethnography of a British neoclasical dance company. We selected from the general corpus of data 11 interviews to the company members, which we analized with grounded theory principles. Our findings show how our unit of analysis must be the interaction among dancers in a self-regulated coupling. Thus, we show how musicality is a social hability that can only work in a network of social skills, together with fisicality and listening. It is, in all, the local product of distributed cognition in the dance studio.
La musicalidad en danza no necesita música. ¿Cómo se se hace aparente entonces la musicalidad, y hasta qué punto es social? Queremos definir la musicalidad en tanto que de habilidad social (Wacquant, Collins). Vamos a analizar cómo los bailarines comparten su juicio artístico al relatar las tareas coreográficas que han seguido en el ensayo de una pieza de danza. Nuestra premisa para este artículo es que la musicalidad forma parte de un vocabulario de motivos de justificación artística. Y que, en tanto que habilidad social, la musicalidad depende de la escucha y la fisicalidad. Para captar la variabilidad de la habilidad social de la musicalidad hemos observado qué sucede cuando el coreógrafo da instrucciones y dirige un ensayo, mediante una etnografia cognitiva de una compañía de danza inglesa. Como parte del corpus de datos recogido, hemos analizado mediante los principios de la teoria fundamentada 11 entrevistas a bailarines y bailarinas. Veremos que la unidad de análisis de este artículo no es ya el bailarín o la bailarína, sino la interacción social como un acoplamiento autoregulado entro dos o más miembros de la compañía. Los resultados muestran cómo la musicalidad es una habilidad social que sólo puede funcionar en relación a una red de habilidades sociales, entre las cuales se encuentra la fisicalidad y la escucha. Se trata, en definitiva, del producto local de la cognición distribuida en el estudio de danza. Palabras clave: musicalidad, danza, fisicalidad, escucha, etnografía, cognición distribuida.
La musicalidad en danza no necesita música. ¿Cómo se se hace aparente entonces la musicalidad, y hasta qué punto es social? Queremos definir la musicalidad en tanto que de habilidad social (Wacquant, Collins). Vamos a analizar cómo los bailarines comparten su juicio artístico al relatar las tareas coreográficas que han seguido en el ensayo de una pieza de danza. Nuestra premisa para este artículo es que la musicalidad forma parte de un vocabulario de motivos de justificación artística. Y que, en tanto que habilidad social, la musicalidad depende de la escucha y la fisicalidad. Para captar la variabilidad de la habilidad social de la musicalidad hemos observado qué sucede cuando el coreógrafo da instrucciones y dirige un ensayo, mediante una etnografia cognitiva de una compañía de danza inglesa. Como parte del corpus de datos recogido, hemos analizado mediante los principios de la teoria fundamentada 11 entrevistas a bailarines y bailarinas. Veremos que la unidad de análisis de este artículo no es ya el bailarín o la bailarína, sino la interacción social como un acoplamiento autoregulado entro dos o más miembros de la compañía. Los resultados muestran cómo la musicalidad es una habilidad social que sólo puede funcionar en relación a una red de habilidades sociales, entre las cuales se encuentra la fisicalidad y la escucha. Se trata, en definitiva, del producto local de la cognición distribuida en el estudio de danza. Palabras clave: musicalidad, danza, fisicalidad, escucha, etnografía, cognición distribuida.
Research Interests:
Aprovecho para presentar algunas reflexiones sobre las prácticas académicas, las divergencias y convergencias entre distintas disciplinas y perspectivas metodológicas o los nuevos desafíos tecnológicos y sociales, y al mismo tiempo... more
Aprovecho para presentar algunas reflexiones sobre las prácticas
académicas, las divergencias y convergencias entre distintas disciplinas y perspectivas metodológicas o los nuevos desafíos tecnológicos y sociales, y al mismo tiempo presento
ocho preguntas abiertas que han suscitado respuestas de varios colegas: Teresa Torns (Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona), Raimundo Cuesta (Fedicaria), Carlos Lozares (Universitàt Autónoma de Barcelona), Christian Orgaz (Cooperativa de Investigación Social Indaga), Josep Lobera (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Cristina Santamarina (CIMOP), Fernando Aguiar (IESA-CSIC), Gloria Domínguez Alegría (Universidad
Complutense de Madrid), Tomás Cano-López (Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona y Teresa González de la Fe (Universidad de la Laguna).
académicas, las divergencias y convergencias entre distintas disciplinas y perspectivas metodológicas o los nuevos desafíos tecnológicos y sociales, y al mismo tiempo presento
ocho preguntas abiertas que han suscitado respuestas de varios colegas: Teresa Torns (Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona), Raimundo Cuesta (Fedicaria), Carlos Lozares (Universitàt Autónoma de Barcelona), Christian Orgaz (Cooperativa de Investigación Social Indaga), Josep Lobera (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Cristina Santamarina (CIMOP), Fernando Aguiar (IESA-CSIC), Gloria Domínguez Alegría (Universidad
Complutense de Madrid), Tomás Cano-López (Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona y Teresa González de la Fe (Universidad de la Laguna).
Research Interests:
Este artículo propone una reflexión teórico-metodológica sobre una etno- grafía visual realizada en un entrenamiento deportivo. Planteamos un modelo integrado del conocimiento experto que explique las decisiones de las nadadoras y... more
Este artículo propone una reflexión teórico-metodológica sobre una etno- grafía visual realizada en un entrenamiento deportivo. Planteamos un modelo integrado del conocimiento experto que explique las decisiones de las nadadoras y entrenadora del equipo olímpico español de natación sincronizada. Partimos de una recogida de datos etnográfica que integra la observación analógica, audiovi- sual y conversaciones con los participantes. El uso de herramientas del análisis cualitativo como el software ELAN muestra que la medición de la actividad so- cial no debe seguir necesariamente modelos estadísticos. Es posible formalizar la interacción y la producción de significado social mediante un trabajo minucioso de trascripción y de sistematización de pautas visuales. Además, hacemos explí- citos los principios arquitectónicos del software ELAN que configuran nuestra estrategia de codificación, evitando la reificación del proceso de entrenamiento en natación sincronizada. Nuestros resultados muestran la riqueza explicativa de esta metodología mixta de investigación en entornos deportivos, hasta ahora dominados por modelos estándar de investigación que no tienen en cuenta la naturaleza distribuida de las decisiones deportiva.
This paper presents a theoretical and methodological discusssion on a visual etnography that took place in a sports training. We propose an integrated model of expert knowledge that explains the swimmers’ and trainers decisión-making as part of the Spanish Olympic team. We Stara with an ethnographic data co- llection that integrates analogical observation, video observation and interviews- The use of analytical tools such as ELAN software puts forward the possibility of measuring social activity not only with statistical models, but also by forma- lizing the interaction and the production of knowledge. We provide a detailed work of transcription and sistematization of visual patterns. Moreover, we make explicit the arquitectonic principles of ELAN software that build our codifica- tion strategy, avoiding the reification of the training process in synchronized swimming. Our results show the rich explanatory power of this mixed research methodology in sport environments, until now dominated by Standard models of research that do not take into account the distributed nature of decision-making in sports.
This paper presents a theoretical and methodological discusssion on a visual etnography that took place in a sports training. We propose an integrated model of expert knowledge that explains the swimmers’ and trainers decisión-making as part of the Spanish Olympic team. We Stara with an ethnographic data co- llection that integrates analogical observation, video observation and interviews- The use of analytical tools such as ELAN software puts forward the possibility of measuring social activity not only with statistical models, but also by forma- lizing the interaction and the production of knowledge. We provide a detailed work of transcription and sistematization of visual patterns. Moreover, we make explicit the arquitectonic principles of ELAN software that build our codifica- tion strategy, avoiding the reification of the training process in synchronized swimming. Our results show the rich explanatory power of this mixed research methodology in sport environments, until now dominated by Standard models of research that do not take into account the distributed nature of decision-making in sports.
Research Interests:
The richness of dance comes from the need to work with an individual body. Still, the body of the dancer belongs to plural context, crossed by artistic and social traditions, which locate the artists in a given field. We claim that role... more
The richness of dance comes from the need to work with an
individual body. Still, the body of the dancer belongs to plural
context, crossed by artistic and social traditions, which locate the artists in a given field. We claim that role conflict is an essential component of the structure of collective artistic creativity. We address the production of discourse in a British dance company, with data that spawns from the ethnography Dance and Cognition, directed by David Kirsh at the University of California, together with WayneMcgregor-Random Dance. Our Critical Discourse Analysis is based on interviews took place during the video-aided ethnography on emotions, music and dance. Our findings show
how how creativity in dance seems to be empirically observable, and thus embodied and distributed shaped by the dance habitus of the particular social context
individual body. Still, the body of the dancer belongs to plural
context, crossed by artistic and social traditions, which locate the artists in a given field. We claim that role conflict is an essential component of the structure of collective artistic creativity. We address the production of discourse in a British dance company, with data that spawns from the ethnography Dance and Cognition, directed by David Kirsh at the University of California, together with WayneMcgregor-Random Dance. Our Critical Discourse Analysis is based on interviews took place during the video-aided ethnography on emotions, music and dance. Our findings show
how how creativity in dance seems to be empirically observable, and thus embodied and distributed shaped by the dance habitus of the particular social context
Research Interests:
Este artículo formaliza las pautas de actividad de un ensayo de danza neoclásica. El objetivo es iniciar la construcción de una representación relacional de la mirada bailada, parafraseando a Simmel (1908) y su teoría del control... more
Este artículo formaliza las pautas de actividad de un ensayo de danza neoclásica. El
objetivo es iniciar la construcción de una representación relacional de la mirada
bailada, parafraseando a Simmel (1908) y su teoría del control social relacional. A
partir de un trabajo etnográfico de los procesos de ensayo de una compañía de
danza, explicaremos cómo los bailarines toman decisiones. La distribución de un
cuestionario sobre las interacciones durante los ensayos permite mostrar el habitus
que se configura en la interacción local y social. Ellos y ellas miran, hablan, y se
relacionan en una red de conocimiento distribuido. El análisis de la centralidad, de
los cliques y de lazos simmelianos, realizados gracias a Ucinet, cristalizan la
multiplicidad de roles y de grupos de afiliación de los y las bailarinas.
objetivo es iniciar la construcción de una representación relacional de la mirada
bailada, parafraseando a Simmel (1908) y su teoría del control social relacional. A
partir de un trabajo etnográfico de los procesos de ensayo de una compañía de
danza, explicaremos cómo los bailarines toman decisiones. La distribución de un
cuestionario sobre las interacciones durante los ensayos permite mostrar el habitus
que se configura en la interacción local y social. Ellos y ellas miran, hablan, y se
relacionan en una red de conocimiento distribuido. El análisis de la centralidad, de
los cliques y de lazos simmelianos, realizados gracias a Ucinet, cristalizan la
multiplicidad de roles y de grupos de afiliación de los y las bailarinas.
Research Interests:
"Abstract (in English) The aim of this paper is to present the state of affairs on the theoretical currents in the sociology of contempo- rary music. Internationally, the sociology of music has been productive in empirical research,... more
"Abstract (in English) The aim of this paper is to present the state of affairs on the theoretical currents in the sociology of contempo- rary music. Internationally, the sociology of music has been productive in empirical research, especially in the European tradition. The theoretical scenario found in the sociology of music is based on a pluralistic paradigm which follows general trends in sociology. This shows in a variety of approaches, which we will present here, which differ according to the plane in which they operate: macro, meso and micro. We provide a summary of classic proposals like Weber, Adorno, Bourdieu and DeNora, and include new methodological proposals from social network analysis, ethnography and cultural studies. We consider that in order to consolidate a theoretical framework we must avoid the postmodern trap, which avoids sociological criticism, and recognize the need for doing true social theory. Keywords Adorno; Micro-Macro; Pluralism; Sociology of Music; Sociological Theory.
El objetivo de este artículo es plantear un estado de la cuestión sobre las corrientes teóricas en la sociología de la música actual. A escala internacional, la sociología de la música ha sido un campo pródigo en teorías más que en investigación empírica, sobre todo en la tradición europea. El escenario teórico que encontramos en la sociología de la música sigue el pluralismo paradigmático de la sociología general. Esto se refleja en una variedad de enfoques, que presentaremos aquí, y que diferenciamos según el plano en el que operan: macro, meso y micro. Ofrecemos una síntesis de las propuestas de clásicos como Weber, Adorno, DeNora y Bourdieu, e incluimos nuevas propuestas metodológicas desde el análisis de redes sociales, la etnografía y los estudios culturales. Para consolidar un marco teórico de referencia debemos huir de la trampa postmo- derna, que renuncia a la crítica sociológica, y reconoceremos el carácter necesario de una verdadera teoría social.
Palabras Clave
Adorno; Micro-macro; Pluralismo; Sociología de la música; Teoría sociológica.
"
El objetivo de este artículo es plantear un estado de la cuestión sobre las corrientes teóricas en la sociología de la música actual. A escala internacional, la sociología de la música ha sido un campo pródigo en teorías más que en investigación empírica, sobre todo en la tradición europea. El escenario teórico que encontramos en la sociología de la música sigue el pluralismo paradigmático de la sociología general. Esto se refleja en una variedad de enfoques, que presentaremos aquí, y que diferenciamos según el plano en el que operan: macro, meso y micro. Ofrecemos una síntesis de las propuestas de clásicos como Weber, Adorno, DeNora y Bourdieu, e incluimos nuevas propuestas metodológicas desde el análisis de redes sociales, la etnografía y los estudios culturales. Para consolidar un marco teórico de referencia debemos huir de la trampa postmo- derna, que renuncia a la crítica sociológica, y reconoceremos el carácter necesario de una verdadera teoría social.
Palabras Clave
Adorno; Micro-macro; Pluralismo; Sociología de la música; Teoría sociológica.
"
Research Interests:
The present article explains the shooting of a single movie scene, defined as a process of representation, with intentional agents and representational resources. Network Analysis as presented gives us an external representation of a... more
The present article explains the shooting of a single movie scene, defined as a process of representation, with intentional agents and representational resources. Network Analysis as presented gives us an external representation of a Technical and Functional network. Furthermore, three dimensions of the observed productive process are put forward: coordination, synchronization, and complexity. Two mechanisms of domination are extracted from the suggested synthesis between our theoretical framework and the empirical material gathered. Such mechanisms shape the filmmaking process as an exchange of dominated and dominant resources, given an unequal distribution structure. In all, Network Analysis is seen from a sociological perspective as useful, in order to understand the objective development of the filmmaking process. Nevertheless, it is claimed that power relations need to be analyzed further, as central elements in any social process.
Research Interests:
The debate on the weight of words and images, or else on the digital and the analogical nature, has no place in complex research processes. This paper claims the need to move the methodological debate on audiovisual tools to a theoretical... more
The debate on the weight of words and images, or else on the digital and the analogical nature, has no place in complex research processes. This paper claims the need to move the methodological debate on audiovisual tools to a theoretical level. We propose an analytical for integration on expert knowledge, together with a codification strategy. We describe the entrance process and the natural his- tory of the hospital unit case study. We also describe the observation setting, the type of analysis performed, and we give some examples of observed expert knowledge. Finally, we pinpoint some risks of audiovisual ethnography and we introduce some possible strategies to overcome them.
Research Interests:
Este artículo presenta un análisis sociológico del discurso profesional el campo de la danza y de un equipo de rodaje televisivo realizadas entre 2006 y 2012 en San Diego, Londres y Barcelona. El trabajo artístico se produce dentro de... more
Este artículo presenta un análisis sociológico del discurso profesional el campo de la
danza y de un equipo de rodaje televisivo realizadas entre 2006 y 2012 en San Diego,
Londres y Barcelona. El trabajo artístico se produce dentro de una determinada
distribución de capitales simbólicos, eminentemente lingüísticos. Este juego
comunicativo se basa en una cadena de microdecisiones y de negociación de la
incertidumbre en la carrera profesional. La hipótesis que se plantea es que el discurso
profesional esconde los procesos intersubjetivos que se encuentran en la base del la
autoridad artística. Los datos se compone de 40 entrevistas semi-estructuradas.
Mediante un análisis temático de contenido y el uso de ATLAS.ti, hemos definido los
elementos comunicativos que caracterizan la tomas de decisión artísticas. Parece que
el habitus artístico surge del ejercicio cotidiano de la violencia simbólica que configura
la identidad profesional de los directores/coreógrafos en oposición a sus colaboradores.
danza y de un equipo de rodaje televisivo realizadas entre 2006 y 2012 en San Diego,
Londres y Barcelona. El trabajo artístico se produce dentro de una determinada
distribución de capitales simbólicos, eminentemente lingüísticos. Este juego
comunicativo se basa en una cadena de microdecisiones y de negociación de la
incertidumbre en la carrera profesional. La hipótesis que se plantea es que el discurso
profesional esconde los procesos intersubjetivos que se encuentran en la base del la
autoridad artística. Los datos se compone de 40 entrevistas semi-estructuradas.
Mediante un análisis temático de contenido y el uso de ATLAS.ti, hemos definido los
elementos comunicativos que caracterizan la tomas de decisión artísticas. Parece que
el habitus artístico surge del ejercicio cotidiano de la violencia simbólica que configura
la identidad profesional de los directores/coreógrafos en oposición a sus colaboradores.
Research Interests:
This paper formalizes the activity patterns of a neo-classical dance company. Our goal is to build a social network representation of creativity, to paraphrase Simmel and his reticular theory of social control. Based on an ethnographic... more
This paper formalizes the activity patterns of a neo-classical dance company. Our goal is to build a social network representation of creativity, to paraphrase Simmel and his reticular theory of social control. Based on an ethnographic study of two artistic processes from 2009-2010, I will explain how the dancers make decisions from a habitus that is shaped by local and social interaction. Dancers look, talk, and interact inside a distributed cognition network. Through social network analysis of centrality, cliques and Simmelian Ties, it is possible to define the dancers' multiple roles and group affiliations.
Research Interests:
La danza es una disciplina de creación artística. Como tal, se trata de un terreno abierto a una fértil producción desde la sociología y demás disciplinas de la investigación social. Todo proceso de producción artística está constituida... more
La danza es una disciplina de creación artística. Como tal, se trata de un terreno abierto a una fértil producción desde la sociología y demás disciplinas de la investigación social. Todo proceso de producción artística está constituida por una dualidad central a la actividad humana: su dimensión social, también llamada relacional, que es la que surge en el momento en el que un grupo de personas bailan, o empieza un ensayo; y su dimensión imaginativa, que es la que incluye la producción de nuevos pasos, de movimientos en el espacio y figuras. La riqueza de la danza surge de la necesidad de trabajar con un cuerpo individual, que es personal e intransferible, con sus emociones, identidades e decisiones. Pero el cuerpo del bailarín/a forma parte de un contexto por definición plural, integrado por otros y otras, cruzado por tradiciones artísticas y culturales en un momento histórico determinado (Feyerabend, 1987). Este artículo se propone explicar qué es una etnografía visual y para qué sirve. Específicamente, se trata de mostrar posibles aplicaciones de esta metodología de investigación social para captar fenómenos surgidos de la creación en danza. Lo haremos mediante dos ejemplos concretos de investigación, la modalidad de la dirección coreográfica en una compañía inglesa de danza neoclásica, y la relación entre música y emoción en ballet y danza española.
Research Interests:
A visual ethongraphy of the creative process of a new choreography gives us an insight onto the creative process of the choreographer, as well as the dancers of an elite dance company. In a society that attaches particular value to... more
A visual ethongraphy of the creative process of a new choreography gives us an insight onto the creative process of the choreographer, as well as the dancers of an elite dance company. In a society that attaches particular value to abstractand verbal knowledge, the details of practices become secondary. The dancer's skill doesn not take part in the legitimate knowledge in the artistic field. The social construction of habitus as a discursive and/or abstract product exclusive to teh coreographer resultrs in simplified explanations of skill. Nevertheless, our sociological analysis does not fall into the phenomenological temptation of defining dance as a universalization of experience. We pinpoint two creative phenomena from the dancers' activity: marking and physical position in space. In all, an analysis with ELAN visual software of the observations and interviews with the company makes visible the hidden social dimension of the rehearsed creative process.
Research Interests:
En la doxa artística los músicos componen, los bailarines bailan, y los coreógrafos tiene estilo, pero nada se dice de las verdaderas competencias articuladas en el espacio, tiempo e interacción social. El análisis detallado de estas... more
En la doxa artística los músicos componen, los bailarines bailan, y los coreógrafos tiene estilo, pero nada se dice de las verdaderas competencias articuladas en el espacio, tiempo e interacción social. El análisis detallado de estas estrategias nos descubre la actividad creativa de estos artistas. La ciencia social contemporánea en diversas disciplinas se está acercando en mayor medida al campo del arte. Dada la multitud de factores sociales implicados en los procesos de decisión debemos tener en cuenta las dimensiones discursivas y estructurales del proceso creativo. Estudios recientes sobre la producción de conocimiento sugieren que el pensamiento puede estar, a veces, ligado a la acción social (Becker, 1982, Bourdieu, 1994, Noice y Noi- ce 1997; Hoggart, 2004; Noya et al., 2010). La actividad artís- tica puede ser entendida como una actividad distribuida (Hollan et al, 2000, Murphy, 2004; Muntanyola y Kirsh, 2010a, Muntanyola, 2010b), multimodal (Alac, 2005) y corpórea (Wacquant, 2004; Clark, 2008). En concreto, la danza es un caso claro de conocimiento corpóreo (o embodied, en el término original anglosajón). Los cuerpos de los bailari- nes son herramientas creativas para crear un nuevo paso de danza, o una frase nueva, equivalente a la producción de una pieza musical, arquitectónica o pictórica. Los bailarines ponen en danza, nunca mejor dicho, sus propios cuerpos, y los coreógrafos, los cuerpos de otros.
Research Interests:
My aim is to explain the production conditions of a TV crew. My sociological task is to study the practices and artistic decision-making in order to make explicit the social contexts of this activity. I will explain these discursive... more
My aim is to explain the production conditions of a TV
crew. My sociological task is to study the practices and
artistic decision-making in order to make explicit the
social contexts of this activity. I will explain these
discursive and pragmatic practices with the thematic
content analysis of 20 interviews to participants of a TV
production set. Thanks to the ATLAS.ti I defined the
social practices that make the reproduction of social
distinction possible. Qualitative analysis has made
polivalent terms such as habitus and capital (Bourdieu,
1979; 1994; 1998), otherwise too ambiguous to be
applied empirically, more specific. The legitimacy of
artistic decision-making arises from a type of artistic
habitus, which we defined as the “TV habitus”. The
interviewees consider the relational and instrumental
dimension of the shooting process as secondary.
Therefore, contracts of dependency hidden by symbolic
violence in everyday life shape their professional
identity.
Keywords: Television habitus, field, artistic decision-making, principle of distinction""
crew. My sociological task is to study the practices and
artistic decision-making in order to make explicit the
social contexts of this activity. I will explain these
discursive and pragmatic practices with the thematic
content analysis of 20 interviews to participants of a TV
production set. Thanks to the ATLAS.ti I defined the
social practices that make the reproduction of social
distinction possible. Qualitative analysis has made
polivalent terms such as habitus and capital (Bourdieu,
1979; 1994; 1998), otherwise too ambiguous to be
applied empirically, more specific. The legitimacy of
artistic decision-making arises from a type of artistic
habitus, which we defined as the “TV habitus”. The
interviewees consider the relational and instrumental
dimension of the shooting process as secondary.
Therefore, contracts of dependency hidden by symbolic
violence in everyday life shape their professional
identity.
Keywords: Television habitus, field, artistic decision-making, principle of distinction""
Research Interests:
In European countries, parental leave to care for children have increased in recent years, with differences of degree. In the Spanish case, by way of comparison, part-time parental leave and full-time parental leave are characterized... more
In European countries, parental leave to care for children have increased in recent years, with differences of
degree. In the Spanish case, by way of comparison, part-time parental leave and full-time parental leave are
characterized by long periods of time without any income’s replacement. The aim of this study is to know the
patterns of use of these two types of parental leave by gender of the parent. The main hypothesis states that
both the profile of fathers and mothers who take parental leave as how they are used are different. The study
analyzed retrospective data from the "Survey on the Social Use of Parental Leave 2012". The survey is
representative of the Spanish state population, except Ceuta and Melilla. A total of 4000 people aged between
25 and 60 years, were telephone polled between January and March 2012. The subsample used for this paper
consists of 2016 parents of 25 to 60 with children under 13 years old, where at least 299 parents took parental
leave in the last 12 years. It has been carried out an analysis of the patterns of use of reduced working hours
leave and full-time leave of men and women by occupational variables and characteristics of the household
and its members (how long is used, at what time, etc..). Preliminary findings suggest that men use parental
leave as a complementary resource to paid work, while in the case of women leave is used to replace paid
work for caring. However, the use of parental leave by mothers has not a strong traditionalization role effect
in the couple after taking parental leave.
En los países europeos, los permisos parentales para el cuidado de los niños se han incrementado en
los últimos años, con diferencias de grado. En el caso español, a modo comparativo, los permisos
(reducciones de jornada y excedencias) se caracterizan por ser períodos de tiempo largos y sin ingresos de
reemplazo. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las pautas de utilización de estos dos tipos de permisos
parentales según género del progenitor. La hipótesis principal señala que tanto el perfil de los padres y las
madres que toman permisos como el modo en que se utilizan son diferentes. El estudio analiza datos
retrospectivos de la “Encuesta sobre el uso social de los permisos parentales 2012” representativa del Estado
español, excepto Ceuta y Melilla. Se encuestaron telefónicamente un total de 4000 personas de entre 25 y 60
años, entre enero y marzo de 2012. La muestra utilizada para este análisis se compone de 2016 padres de
entre 25 y 60 años con hijos menores de 13 años, donde 299 padres utilizaron al menos un permiso parental
en los últimos 12 años. Se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de las pautas de utilización de reducciones de jornada
y excedencias de hombres y mujeres según variables laborales y características del hogar y de sus miembros, por cuánto tiempo se utiliza, en qué momento, etc.). Los resultados preliminares apuntan a que los hombres
utilizan los permisos como un recurso complementario al trabajo remunerado, mientras que en el caso de las
mujeres sirven para sustituir el trabajo remunerado por el cuidado. No obstante, la utilización de permisos
parentales por parte de las madres no supone un tradicionalización fuerte de los roles en la pareja tras la
finalización de los permisos.
degree. In the Spanish case, by way of comparison, part-time parental leave and full-time parental leave are
characterized by long periods of time without any income’s replacement. The aim of this study is to know the
patterns of use of these two types of parental leave by gender of the parent. The main hypothesis states that
both the profile of fathers and mothers who take parental leave as how they are used are different. The study
analyzed retrospective data from the "Survey on the Social Use of Parental Leave 2012". The survey is
representative of the Spanish state population, except Ceuta and Melilla. A total of 4000 people aged between
25 and 60 years, were telephone polled between January and March 2012. The subsample used for this paper
consists of 2016 parents of 25 to 60 with children under 13 years old, where at least 299 parents took parental
leave in the last 12 years. It has been carried out an analysis of the patterns of use of reduced working hours
leave and full-time leave of men and women by occupational variables and characteristics of the household
and its members (how long is used, at what time, etc..). Preliminary findings suggest that men use parental
leave as a complementary resource to paid work, while in the case of women leave is used to replace paid
work for caring. However, the use of parental leave by mothers has not a strong traditionalization role effect
in the couple after taking parental leave.
En los países europeos, los permisos parentales para el cuidado de los niños se han incrementado en
los últimos años, con diferencias de grado. En el caso español, a modo comparativo, los permisos
(reducciones de jornada y excedencias) se caracterizan por ser períodos de tiempo largos y sin ingresos de
reemplazo. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las pautas de utilización de estos dos tipos de permisos
parentales según género del progenitor. La hipótesis principal señala que tanto el perfil de los padres y las
madres que toman permisos como el modo en que se utilizan son diferentes. El estudio analiza datos
retrospectivos de la “Encuesta sobre el uso social de los permisos parentales 2012” representativa del Estado
español, excepto Ceuta y Melilla. Se encuestaron telefónicamente un total de 4000 personas de entre 25 y 60
años, entre enero y marzo de 2012. La muestra utilizada para este análisis se compone de 2016 padres de
entre 25 y 60 años con hijos menores de 13 años, donde 299 padres utilizaron al menos un permiso parental
en los últimos 12 años. Se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de las pautas de utilización de reducciones de jornada
y excedencias de hombres y mujeres según variables laborales y características del hogar y de sus miembros, por cuánto tiempo se utiliza, en qué momento, etc.). Los resultados preliminares apuntan a que los hombres
utilizan los permisos como un recurso complementario al trabajo remunerado, mientras que en el caso de las
mujeres sirven para sustituir el trabajo remunerado por el cuidado. No obstante, la utilización de permisos
parentales por parte de las madres no supone un tradicionalización fuerte de los roles en la pareja tras la
finalización de los permisos.
Research Interests:
Through both the exploitation of European and Spanish official documents, jointly with interview analysis carried out among Spanish labor unionists, the position of labor unions around work-life balance policies is explained. The analysis... more
Through both the exploitation of European and Spanish official documents, jointly with interview analysis carried out among Spanish labor unionists, the position of labor unions around work-life balance policies is explained. The analysis achieved in this article puts forward that the formulation of work-life balance as a collective right does not seem to imply a real balance among the productive, the domestic and the personal dimensions of working life. In all, its identification as a women-only policy does not promote a new organization of work, domestic as well as productive, or an increase of public aid services.
Research Interests:
El tercer volumen de la trilogía sobre la ciudad de Richard Sennett, Building and Dwelling, con el subtítulo Ethics for the City, ha sido publicado tras años de expectación. Construyendo y Habitando, una traducción nuestra, porque todavía... more
El tercer volumen de la trilogía sobre la ciudad de Richard Sennett, Building and Dwelling, con el subtítulo Ethics for the City, ha sido publicado tras años de expectación. Construyendo y Habitando, una traducción nuestra, porque todavía no se ha publicado en español, no defraudará a los lectores de los dos volúmenes anteriores, El artesano y Jun-tos. Se trata de un texto escrito con brillantez narrativa y con argumentos provocadores y que toma partido en los debates actuales entre la ciencia social , la política y la arquitectura sobre el presente y el futuro de la ciudad. Sennett es un buen escritor y un académico singular, siempre a caballo entre el ensayo y los libros académicos al uso. Sus "naivetées" siguiendo su costumbre de usar palabras francesas, encarna una feroz opinión disfrazada de sofisticación cultural. La totalidad del libro está atravesada por la dicotomía entre los conceptos de "ville" y "cité", siempre en francés en la lengua original. El primero está relacionado con los "urbanites" o los habitan-tes de la vida urbana, y el segundo con los "urbanistas", que planifican y diseñan. El juego de pa-labras y la polisemia es el hilo conductor del libro, para bien y para mal. En la introducción vemos que además aparecen tres categorizaciones urbanísti-cas, el plan "abierto" (open), "modesto" (modest) y "estropeado" o "corrupto"(crooked). El plan abierto es parte del modelo experimental; la modestia curiosamente desaparece del libro y resurge en la conclusión. En cambio, la categoría corrupto, ex-traída de un texto sobre las ciudades cosmopolitas de Kant, toma protagonismo filosófico a lo largo del libro. Sennett está en contra de la "cité" cerrada, ejemplo para él de clasismo y racismo. Así, la "ville" debería ayudar a abrir socialmente la "cité", que depende de la ética de la planificación. La primera parte del libro, Las dos ciudades, describe la fundación un tanto inestable del urba-nismo moderno a partir de tres gigantes, Cerdá, Hausmann y Olmstead. A Idelfons Cerdá le adjudica ser el padre de una "igualdad social" a través de la trama, a Hausmann de ser el responsable de una nueva movilidad basada en la invención de los porches de venta comercial en la vía pública, y a Olmstead de crear los parques públicos haciendo entrar la ville en la cité. Sennett admite que nin-guno presenta un proyecto de ciudad completo sino aspectos inmersos en un mar de contradicciones entre urbanitas y urbanistas. Su valiosa crítica podría haber ido más allá, y sus ejemplos, como también sucede en su anterior volumen Juntos (Together, véase reseña de Muntanyola-Saura, 2012) surgen de un conocimiento histórico a menudo in-suficiente. Ni Haussman se inventa los porches, ni Cerdá es el padre de una igualdad social.
Research Interests:
Este libro publicado por Polity Press ofrece un panorama de la producción eminentemente estadounidense en cultura y cognición. Su autor, Wayne Brekhus, es profesor de sociología de la Universidad de Missouri y pertenece a la que él mismo... more
Este libro publicado por Polity Press ofrece un
panorama de la producción eminentemente estadounidense
en cultura y cognición. Su autor, Wayne
Brekhus, es profesor de sociología de la Universidad
de Missouri y pertenece a la que él mismo
denomina escuela zerubaveliana, en homenaje a
Eviatar Zerubavel, profesor de Rutgers University.
Zerubavel es el fundador de la rama culturalista de
la sociología cognitiva, y sus libros Social Mindscapes
(1997) y The Elephant in the Room (2006)
son ya clásicos. Las referencias de Zerubavel,
juntamente con las de Karen Cerulo, profesora de
la misma universidad y editora de la Sociological
Forum, y las de Omar Lizardo, catedrático de la Universidad
de Nôtre-Dame constituyen los tres pilares
de la bibliografía de este volumen.
La razón por la cual empiezo con esta tríada
es porque son nombres que delimitan el alcance
de este libro. Al revisar la lista de referencias
vemos cómo la panorámica de estudios sobre los
elementos cognitivos de las prácticas culturales se
centra en la tradición de la Costa Este. Se excluye
por completo la sociología cognitiva fundacional de
Aaron Cicourel (con Cognitive Sociology de 1974) y
las propuestas internacionales de Marion Fourcade
(2012), TiaDeNora (2014) y Bernard Lahire (2008)
desde UC Berkeley, Exeter y Lyon. Los capítulos uno
a cinco son un compendio de estudios empíricos
sobre diversos fenómenos culturales relacionados
con la percepción, la categorización, las metáforas,
las identidades, el tiempo y la memoria que ofrece
una visión muy parcial de la sociología cognitiva
en cultura. Otra sorpresa se produce al leer la introducción
y las conclusiones, los únicos capítulos
teóricos del libro. Brekhus hace allí su propuesta,
con una clasificación paradigmática de las producciones
que él considera como propias de la sociología
cognitiva de corte culturalista.
En la introducción, Brekhus resume en 5 líneas
la aportación clásica de Berger y Luckmann: “La
construcción social de la realidad es una idea que
fue definida por primera vez y popularizada por
Berger y Luckmann (1966) y es un supuesto básico
para los sociólogos, aunque a menudo se da por supuesto
como talón de fondo sin ser explícitamente
delimitada” (p. 1). Berger y Luckmann, sin embargo,
dedican más de 30 páginas de La construcción
a comentar pasajes de Alfred Schütz, fenomenólogo
social de la New School que brilla por su ausencia
en el volumen que nos ocupa. Dejan muy claro su
continuidad con la obra de Schütz, literalmente
afirmando que “Personalmente debemos la percepción
fundamental de la necesidad de esta redefinición
a Alfred Schütz (…) Schütz se preocupó
sobre todo por analizar la estructura del mundo del
sentido común de la vida cotidiana” (1988: 31-32)
Y un poco más abajo le citan directamente: “El conocimiento
está socialmente distribuido, y el mecanismo
de esta distribución podría ser el objeto de
estudio de una disciplina sociológica”. Parece claro
que Brekhus silenciando esta tradición teórica tiene
la intención de separarse de la fenomenología
social en sociología y reivindicar una perspectiva
teórica propia.
panorama de la producción eminentemente estadounidense
en cultura y cognición. Su autor, Wayne
Brekhus, es profesor de sociología de la Universidad
de Missouri y pertenece a la que él mismo
denomina escuela zerubaveliana, en homenaje a
Eviatar Zerubavel, profesor de Rutgers University.
Zerubavel es el fundador de la rama culturalista de
la sociología cognitiva, y sus libros Social Mindscapes
(1997) y The Elephant in the Room (2006)
son ya clásicos. Las referencias de Zerubavel,
juntamente con las de Karen Cerulo, profesora de
la misma universidad y editora de la Sociological
Forum, y las de Omar Lizardo, catedrático de la Universidad
de Nôtre-Dame constituyen los tres pilares
de la bibliografía de este volumen.
La razón por la cual empiezo con esta tríada
es porque son nombres que delimitan el alcance
de este libro. Al revisar la lista de referencias
vemos cómo la panorámica de estudios sobre los
elementos cognitivos de las prácticas culturales se
centra en la tradición de la Costa Este. Se excluye
por completo la sociología cognitiva fundacional de
Aaron Cicourel (con Cognitive Sociology de 1974) y
las propuestas internacionales de Marion Fourcade
(2012), TiaDeNora (2014) y Bernard Lahire (2008)
desde UC Berkeley, Exeter y Lyon. Los capítulos uno
a cinco son un compendio de estudios empíricos
sobre diversos fenómenos culturales relacionados
con la percepción, la categorización, las metáforas,
las identidades, el tiempo y la memoria que ofrece
una visión muy parcial de la sociología cognitiva
en cultura. Otra sorpresa se produce al leer la introducción
y las conclusiones, los únicos capítulos
teóricos del libro. Brekhus hace allí su propuesta,
con una clasificación paradigmática de las producciones
que él considera como propias de la sociología
cognitiva de corte culturalista.
En la introducción, Brekhus resume en 5 líneas
la aportación clásica de Berger y Luckmann: “La
construcción social de la realidad es una idea que
fue definida por primera vez y popularizada por
Berger y Luckmann (1966) y es un supuesto básico
para los sociólogos, aunque a menudo se da por supuesto
como talón de fondo sin ser explícitamente
delimitada” (p. 1). Berger y Luckmann, sin embargo,
dedican más de 30 páginas de La construcción
a comentar pasajes de Alfred Schütz, fenomenólogo
social de la New School que brilla por su ausencia
en el volumen que nos ocupa. Dejan muy claro su
continuidad con la obra de Schütz, literalmente
afirmando que “Personalmente debemos la percepción
fundamental de la necesidad de esta redefinición
a Alfred Schütz (…) Schütz se preocupó
sobre todo por analizar la estructura del mundo del
sentido común de la vida cotidiana” (1988: 31-32)
Y un poco más abajo le citan directamente: “El conocimiento
está socialmente distribuido, y el mecanismo
de esta distribución podría ser el objeto de
estudio de una disciplina sociológica”. Parece claro
que Brekhus silenciando esta tradición teórica tiene
la intención de separarse de la fenomenología
social en sociología y reivindicar una perspectiva
teórica propia.
Research Interests:
This book by Ma Haili explores the place of yueju, a specific type of Chinese Opera, within contemporary Chinese society. Haili explains the social driving forces behind the decline of this form of art, taking into account the political... more
This book by Ma Haili explores the place of yueju, a specific type of Chinese Opera, within contemporary Chinese society. Haili explains the social driving forces behind the decline of this form of art, taking into account the political and economical specificities of ”socialism with Chinese characteristics" (p.17). Ma Haili, PhD from the University of Leeds and a professional yueju performer, gives a detailed and easy
to read account of a 100 years of history. And he does so by getting deep into the cultural and aesthetic transformations of the largest state yueju house in the country, the Shanghai Yueju Company (SYC). The author's double affiliation with the artistic and the academic world provides a unique opportunity for developing and ethnographic study, based on interviews, observation and the author's personal experience. Her book will be of use to academics, cultural policy makers, art curators as well as Art and Humanities students. Haili states in the introduction that in order to understand his object of study he had to pay attention to a subject that he had been avoiding all his life: politics. That is, by explaining the role of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), both at the state and regional levels, as instigator of the process of marketization. With a comprehensive and reflexive ambition, the book is structured in six thematic
chapters. The first chapter, "Tradition and Modern Opera Productions" is a descriptive account of the changes that shape institutionalized Chinese opera. Following the analysis of Art Worlds by sociologist Howard Becker (1984), the terms convention, innovation and distribution are used efficiently to explain the raise of a new model of urban opera production, the Institutional Actor Theatre.
to read account of a 100 years of history. And he does so by getting deep into the cultural and aesthetic transformations of the largest state yueju house in the country, the Shanghai Yueju Company (SYC). The author's double affiliation with the artistic and the academic world provides a unique opportunity for developing and ethnographic study, based on interviews, observation and the author's personal experience. Her book will be of use to academics, cultural policy makers, art curators as well as Art and Humanities students. Haili states in the introduction that in order to understand his object of study he had to pay attention to a subject that he had been avoiding all his life: politics. That is, by explaining the role of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), both at the state and regional levels, as instigator of the process of marketization. With a comprehensive and reflexive ambition, the book is structured in six thematic
chapters. The first chapter, "Tradition and Modern Opera Productions" is a descriptive account of the changes that shape institutionalized Chinese opera. Following the analysis of Art Worlds by sociologist Howard Becker (1984), the terms convention, innovation and distribution are used efficiently to explain the raise of a new model of urban opera production, the Institutional Actor Theatre.
Research Interests:
The Second Machine Age, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, is a worthwhile read for professionals that are curious about how technology shapes the market. Shortlisted Business Book of the Year 2014 by McKinsey & Company, it caters to... more
The Second Machine Age, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, is a worthwhile read for professionals that are curious about how technology shapes the market. Shortlisted Business Book of the Year 2014 by McKinsey & Company, it caters to academics and students in the social sciences who are not familiar with artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and the like. Brynjolfsson is the director of the Center for Digital Business at MIT, at which McAfee is a researcher. Their field of expertise is digital economics. Each of the chapters can be read separately and each opens with a quote from Nobel prizewinners such as Milton Friedman, but also politicians, like Robert Kennedy, and even artists, like Pablo Picasso. A complete notes section includes specialized references not only from print media but also, honoring the book’s title, from online sources.
Research Interests:
Publicada en la REVISTA DEL MINISTERIO DE EMPLEO Y SEGURIDAD SOCIAL
Research Interests:
Presentamos el último libro del prolífico Howard Saul Becker, What About Mozart? What About Murder?, nueve capítulos sobre las razones, formas y usos del estudio de caso como método sociológico. Como el mismo autor indica, la mayoría de... more
Presentamos el último libro del prolífico Howard Saul Becker, What About Mozart? What
About Murder?, nueve capítulos sobre las razones, formas y usos del estudio de caso como
método sociológico. Como el mismo autor indica, la mayoría de ellos, a excepción del primero
y del último, son textos retrabajados a partir de diez artículos publicados anteriormente
en inglés, italiano y francés. Nada nuevo bajo el sol, pero la prosa de Becker es siempre
refrescante, y se agradece no tener que ir pescando artículos y tenerlos así reunidos. Se
trata de un libro para ser leído tanto en clase como en el proceso de investigación, de ahí el
tono didáctico y la inclusión de ejemplos extraídos de investigaciones reales de los últimos
cuarenta años. El hilo conductor, como es habitual en la obra del sociólogo de la llamada
Escuela de Chicago, es fácil de seguir: el lector se embarca en un viaje epistemológico sobre
las propias prácticas. La estructura narrativa para cada capítulo se repite a lo largo de la obra.
Se presenta un caso histórico, a poder ser conocido, como, por ejemplo, la abolición de la
esclavitud en Estados Unidos, que luego Becker transforma en problema sociológico con la
formulación de una serie de preguntas de razonamiento analógico. Este método de análisis
se construye a partir de casos de estudio (case studies) definidos por el investigador.
About Murder?, nueve capítulos sobre las razones, formas y usos del estudio de caso como
método sociológico. Como el mismo autor indica, la mayoría de ellos, a excepción del primero
y del último, son textos retrabajados a partir de diez artículos publicados anteriormente
en inglés, italiano y francés. Nada nuevo bajo el sol, pero la prosa de Becker es siempre
refrescante, y se agradece no tener que ir pescando artículos y tenerlos así reunidos. Se
trata de un libro para ser leído tanto en clase como en el proceso de investigación, de ahí el
tono didáctico y la inclusión de ejemplos extraídos de investigaciones reales de los últimos
cuarenta años. El hilo conductor, como es habitual en la obra del sociólogo de la llamada
Escuela de Chicago, es fácil de seguir: el lector se embarca en un viaje epistemológico sobre
las propias prácticas. La estructura narrativa para cada capítulo se repite a lo largo de la obra.
Se presenta un caso histórico, a poder ser conocido, como, por ejemplo, la abolición de la
esclavitud en Estados Unidos, que luego Becker transforma en problema sociológico con la
formulación de una serie de preguntas de razonamiento analógico. Este método de análisis
se construye a partir de casos de estudio (case studies) definidos por el investigador.
Research Interests:
Tia DeNora is well known for her books on music sociology. She provides us now with a theory manual on social ontology for a diversity of readers. DeNora claims the need for adopting a slow sociology that gets into the singularity of... more
Tia DeNora is well known for her books on music sociology. She provides us now with
a theory manual on social ontology for a diversity of readers. DeNora claims the need for
adopting a slow sociology that gets into the singularity of practice. Making Sense of
Reality has nine chapters, which do not exceed 15 pages, distributed in three sections
with many examples for an undergraduate classroom.
a theory manual on social ontology for a diversity of readers. DeNora claims the need for
adopting a slow sociology that gets into the singularity of practice. Making Sense of
Reality has nine chapters, which do not exceed 15 pages, distributed in three sections
with many examples for an undergraduate classroom.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Neurofeminism is the first interdisciplinary collection of essays to address how recent neuroscience affects traditional feminist issues. Philosophers, psychologists, sociomedical scientists, and feminist scholars explore questions of... more
Neurofeminism is the first interdisciplinary collection of essays to address how recent neuroscience affects traditional feminist issues. Philosophers, psychologists, sociomedical scientists, and feminist scholars explore questions of ‘feminine’ ethics, feminist neuroscience, and overcoming unhelpful pop science books. Reviewed by Dafne Muntanyola-Saura.
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Gender Studies, Epistemology, Sex and Gender, Feminist Theory, and 15 moreFeminist Philosophy, Embodied Cognition, Gender and Sexuality, Embodied Mind and Cognition, Work Family Balance, Gender Discourse, Feminism, Gender and Sexuality Studies, Feminism(s), Feminismo, Brain, Género, Gender inequality, Teoría de género y feminismo, and Neurofeminism
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Guattari Reframed is part of the Contemporary Thinkers Reframed Series, which makes great figures in social thought accessible to an undergraduate public. Félix Guattari (1930-1992) was a French psychoanalyst and activist that founded and... more
Guattari Reframed is part of the Contemporary Thinkers Reframed Series, which makes great figures in social thought accessible to an undergraduate public. Félix Guattari (1930-1992) was a French psychoanalyst and activist that founded and worked at La Borde clinic as a psychiatrist. He developed most of his published work hand in hand with philosopher Gilles Deleuze, a key figure in radical Marxism and postmodernism. Paul Elliott’s introduction swifts through Guattari’s life and work, carefully avoiding his controversial political activism that involved taking into refuge revolutionaries such as Bifo, Antonio Negri or Klaus Croissant, the Red Army’s lawyer.
Research Interests:
XXI Encuentro Internacional de Investigación en Cuidados, 16 de noviembre de 2017, Hospital XII de Octubre, Madrid. o Nuevos aspectos en la síntesis de la investigación. Iván Solá. Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre. o Nuevas herramientas... more
XXI Encuentro Internacional de Investigación en Cuidados, 16 de noviembre de 2017, Hospital XII de Octubre, Madrid.
o Nuevos aspectos en la síntesis de la investigación. Iván Solá. Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre.
o Nuevas herramientas en la investigación audiovisual. Dra. Dafne Muntanyola-Saura. Profesora adjunta. Departamento de sociología. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
o Nuevas herramientas tecnológicas en la recogida de datos. Adolfo Muñoz. Instituto de Salud Carlos III.
o Uso de Big Data en modelos predictivos y explicativos en el ámbito de los cuidados de la salud. David Prieto-Merino. Cátedra de Análisis Estadístico y Big Data, Universidad Católica de Murcia.
o Nuevos aspectos en la síntesis de la investigación. Iván Solá. Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre.
o Nuevas herramientas en la investigación audiovisual. Dra. Dafne Muntanyola-Saura. Profesora adjunta. Departamento de sociología. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
o Nuevas herramientas tecnológicas en la recogida de datos. Adolfo Muñoz. Instituto de Salud Carlos III.
o Uso de Big Data en modelos predictivos y explicativos en el ámbito de los cuidados de la salud. David Prieto-Merino. Cátedra de Análisis Estadístico y Big Data, Universidad Católica de Murcia.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
¿What is personal space in parenthood? Common knowledge, wildly shared in academia, tends to conflate family time with personal time, particularly in the case of mothers. This social metonymy neglects both a pragmatic and a symbolic... more
¿What is personal space in parenthood? Common knowledge, wildly shared in academia, tends to conflate family time with personal time, particularly in the case of mothers. This social metonymy neglects both a pragmatic and a symbolic aspect of parenthood that this paper would like to explore further.
The expression “my space” appears constantly in the spontaneous discourse of young mothers, defining a need for autonomy and self-realization that becomes paramount once the baby is born. Among fathers’, the favored claim seems to be the opposite: spending time with their child is described as a way of unwinding from work, and thus a way of constructing this private space. This discursive topos indicates a strongly-gendered construction of roles based on care as a primary activity for mothers, which excludes fathers? Is “my space” paradoxically constructed as opposed to childcare in mothers, while based on it among fathers? What do these discursive differences say about the experiences of mothers and fathers in taking care of their children?
We provide a qualitative thematic analysis (Alonso, 1998) of 10 semi-structured interviews to Spanish mothers and fathers. Since discourse is shaped by age, class, occupation and gender, we created a typology of interviewees restricted to middle class young parents with at least one child (30 to 35 years, since the average motherhood age in Spain is 31 years old), balanced by gender and activity. Given that the unemployment rate in Spain is 26% in 2014, and 57% for those under 25, we balanced our sample to include the corresponding proportions of activity: our interviewees were non active (2), a situation that can hide unemployment or students, employed (4), on parental leave (2), and unemployed (2).
A space of ones own (taking Virginia Woolf’s words) appears to be a fuzzy concept that is strongly context-dependent. Clarifying its meaning through a plurality of methodologies will bring forward elements of the social imaginary on parenthood (Salmon, 2008, Alonso & Fernandez, 2013). Moreover, the recent fashion of sustaining gender differences on neuroscience and developmental psychology (see Muntanyola, 2013 review on Bluhm et al (eds) Neurofeminism) naturalizes these roles and practices related to childcare and parenthood.Subjective social expectations have objective effects in family relationships and identity making and can inform social policies such as parental leaves, daycare resources and equality in labor relations (Torns, 2004; Meil et al, 2007; Carrasco et al, 2011). Since gender is not a local or national topic, we are eager to look into compared frameworks of research across countries and regions (Flaquer, 2004; Wall & Escobedo, 2009; Gornik, Meyers et al, 2009; Degenne, Marry & Moulin, 2011; Rubery & Rafferty, 2013),
Symbolically, we would like to make visible narratives from both partners. We are aware of the absence of the “father” in many narratives on motherhood (Capdevila, 2012), and of the fragmentary presence of fathering (as a perfomative role) in the sphere of childcare and domestic tasks (Romero et al, 2013, Moss & O’Brien, 2010). Still, taking into account the intersubjective and socially constructed nature of parenthood, space cannot be taken exclusively as an atomistic expression of a desire or preference, but as built upon the partner’s role.
Pragmatically, we will discuss the daily practices of subjects to preserve their personal space. Space is an equivalent to personal time, that is, an individualized experience that comes with, but is not just, that of family or work time (Callejo, 2013). Depending on structural social factors, personal space might include activities related to taking care of a healthy and beautiful body, such as waxing or going to the gym; shopping, socially sharing leisure activities with friends; cultural consumption such as reading or watching a movie, or more public activities, such as developing professionally or studying.
The heterogeneity of the concept “my space” makes it a polyvalent operator (Champagne, 1999). We expect this different ways of managing work and care to bring to the table the construction of social identities, ways of understanding fatherhood and motherhood, as well as differences in the conceptions of gender, care, work, autonomy, childcare and pleasure.
The expression “my space” appears constantly in the spontaneous discourse of young mothers, defining a need for autonomy and self-realization that becomes paramount once the baby is born. Among fathers’, the favored claim seems to be the opposite: spending time with their child is described as a way of unwinding from work, and thus a way of constructing this private space. This discursive topos indicates a strongly-gendered construction of roles based on care as a primary activity for mothers, which excludes fathers? Is “my space” paradoxically constructed as opposed to childcare in mothers, while based on it among fathers? What do these discursive differences say about the experiences of mothers and fathers in taking care of their children?
We provide a qualitative thematic analysis (Alonso, 1998) of 10 semi-structured interviews to Spanish mothers and fathers. Since discourse is shaped by age, class, occupation and gender, we created a typology of interviewees restricted to middle class young parents with at least one child (30 to 35 years, since the average motherhood age in Spain is 31 years old), balanced by gender and activity. Given that the unemployment rate in Spain is 26% in 2014, and 57% for those under 25, we balanced our sample to include the corresponding proportions of activity: our interviewees were non active (2), a situation that can hide unemployment or students, employed (4), on parental leave (2), and unemployed (2).
A space of ones own (taking Virginia Woolf’s words) appears to be a fuzzy concept that is strongly context-dependent. Clarifying its meaning through a plurality of methodologies will bring forward elements of the social imaginary on parenthood (Salmon, 2008, Alonso & Fernandez, 2013). Moreover, the recent fashion of sustaining gender differences on neuroscience and developmental psychology (see Muntanyola, 2013 review on Bluhm et al (eds) Neurofeminism) naturalizes these roles and practices related to childcare and parenthood.Subjective social expectations have objective effects in family relationships and identity making and can inform social policies such as parental leaves, daycare resources and equality in labor relations (Torns, 2004; Meil et al, 2007; Carrasco et al, 2011). Since gender is not a local or national topic, we are eager to look into compared frameworks of research across countries and regions (Flaquer, 2004; Wall & Escobedo, 2009; Gornik, Meyers et al, 2009; Degenne, Marry & Moulin, 2011; Rubery & Rafferty, 2013),
Symbolically, we would like to make visible narratives from both partners. We are aware of the absence of the “father” in many narratives on motherhood (Capdevila, 2012), and of the fragmentary presence of fathering (as a perfomative role) in the sphere of childcare and domestic tasks (Romero et al, 2013, Moss & O’Brien, 2010). Still, taking into account the intersubjective and socially constructed nature of parenthood, space cannot be taken exclusively as an atomistic expression of a desire or preference, but as built upon the partner’s role.
Pragmatically, we will discuss the daily practices of subjects to preserve their personal space. Space is an equivalent to personal time, that is, an individualized experience that comes with, but is not just, that of family or work time (Callejo, 2013). Depending on structural social factors, personal space might include activities related to taking care of a healthy and beautiful body, such as waxing or going to the gym; shopping, socially sharing leisure activities with friends; cultural consumption such as reading or watching a movie, or more public activities, such as developing professionally or studying.
The heterogeneity of the concept “my space” makes it a polyvalent operator (Champagne, 1999). We expect this different ways of managing work and care to bring to the table the construction of social identities, ways of understanding fatherhood and motherhood, as well as differences in the conceptions of gender, care, work, autonomy, childcare and pleasure.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
We present here ha new video capture methodology applied to the context of synchronized swimming. Its specificity as a competitive sport comes from the need to work with social bodies in an extremely constrained environment, that of... more
We present here ha new video capture methodology applied to the context of synchronized swimming. Its specificity as a competitive sport comes from the need to work with social bodies in an extremely constrained environment, that of underwater, dealing with the swimmers physicality, skills and emotions. In this paper we address the interactive patterns of the Spanish Olympic team through a video-aided ethnographic work, which included observation and interviewing. Systematic audiovisual analysis required a detailed knowledge of the observational field through note taking and video capture for 3 months in 2012. We considered the trainers as well as the swimmers experts in their domains. In order not to get lost with the data, we classified Activity Recurrent Episodes between the trainers and the synchronized swimmers. To code and analyze the video we
used ELAN® developed by the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, for small-scale interactions. We classified the type of interactions and sorted through the channels of communication that lead to the production and selection of choreographies. As preliminary results, their interactions included cognitive processes that were empirically embodied, situated and distributed. The communication process between the trainers and the synchronized swimmers seems to be shaped by environmental elements such as the music and the water. Plus, there is shared awareness among synchronized swimming professionals of the emotional implication of their interactions. Video-aided ethnography allows to understand synchronized swimming as a sports based on expert social patterns of interaction and creativity.
used ELAN® developed by the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, for small-scale interactions. We classified the type of interactions and sorted through the channels of communication that lead to the production and selection of choreographies. As preliminary results, their interactions included cognitive processes that were empirically embodied, situated and distributed. The communication process between the trainers and the synchronized swimmers seems to be shaped by environmental elements such as the music and the water. Plus, there is shared awareness among synchronized swimming professionals of the emotional implication of their interactions. Video-aided ethnography allows to understand synchronized swimming as a sports based on expert social patterns of interaction and creativity.
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Dance is a discipline of artistic creation which includes a key duality. Its social dimension, also called relational, starts with a group of people dancing; and its technical dimension includes the production of new steps and moves. The... more
Dance is a discipline of artistic creation which includes a key duality. Its social dimension, also called relational, starts with a group of people dancing; and its technical dimension includes the production of new steps and moves. The richness of dance comes from the need to work with an individual body, which is not transferable, with its emotions, skills and physicality. But the body of the dancer belongs to plural context, crossed by artistic and social traditions, which locate the artists in a given
field. We analyze the interactive patterns of a British dance company through a video-aided ethnographic work, which included observation and interviewing. Six cameras were used to record the 2 months rehearsal process. At the end of each day, the choreographer and four dancers were selected and interviewed. We considered the choreographer as well as the dancers experts in their domains, with superior knowledge about their activity. As preliminary results, the creative decisions involved in dance are embodied, distributed and mutimodal. We found evidences in the dancers narratives, and in the way choreographers talk about their work.
field. We analyze the interactive patterns of a British dance company through a video-aided ethnographic work, which included observation and interviewing. Six cameras were used to record the 2 months rehearsal process. At the end of each day, the choreographer and four dancers were selected and interviewed. We considered the choreographer as well as the dancers experts in their domains, with superior knowledge about their activity. As preliminary results, the creative decisions involved in dance are embodied, distributed and mutimodal. We found evidences in the dancers narratives, and in the way choreographers talk about their work.
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Visual analysis in social sciences is not a new phenomenon, but it is still a controversial issue in the sociological domain. We propose to move the methodolgical debate to a theoretical level. Moreover, we compare three analytical... more
Visual analysis in social sciences is not a new phenomenon, but it is still a controversial issue in the sociological domain. We propose to move the methodolgical debate to a theoretical level. Moreover, we compare three analytical tools, Elan, Transana and Atlas.ti, three instrumental alternatives that complement the analogical observation in the ethnographical field. In using digital tools we must be hyperaware of the architectonic principles that define their functions and applications, in order to decide which is the most effective strategy for codification. A detailed natural history of two study cases in professional settings, medical and artistic, will show how the real use of these visual tools are complex, flexible and adaptive.
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Aquesta comunicació versa sobre el rol del telèfon en la recerca empírica. Existeix en la literatura sociològica un biax que identifica del telèfon amb les tècniques de recollida de dades quantitatives, com ara l’enquesta, mentre que tota... more
Aquesta comunicació versa sobre el rol del telèfon en la recerca empírica. Existeix en la literatura sociològica un biax que identifica del telèfon amb les tècniques de recollida de dades quantitatives, com ara l’enquesta, mentre que tota comunicació que no sigui cara a cara es considera una amenaça cap a al integritat de tècniques qualitatives com en l’entrevista. Creiem que aquesta polaritat no contribueix a reflexionar sobre aquesta eina, sinó que perpetua l’etern debat quantitatiu/qualitatiu i un cert determinisme tecnològic. Per tal d’omplir el que creiem que és un buit en la producció metodològica, partim de la nostra darrera recerca sobre l’ús de parmisos parentals i paternals per part de pares espanyols. Es tracta d’una investigació amb un treball de camp en dues fases: una primera amb 40 entrevistes telefòniques a pares de Madrid, Barcelona, Albacete, Màlafa i Murcia, i una segona amb 3000 enquestes a individus de 20 a 60 anys de l’Estat Espanyol. Específicament, hem identificat les fases corresponents al disseny de la investigació i a la recollida de dades, centrant-nos en el mostreig, el disseny del guió i del qüestionari i, sobretot, en el moment de realització de les entrevistes i de les enquestes. Donat el caràcter mixt dels mètodes del procés, hem comparat l’impacte del telefon d'ambdues tècniques al llarg del nostre treball de camp. Hem parlat de la intrusivitat, l’estandarització i la reificació, tot concloent que és la tècnica emprada, i no l’instrument de recollida de dades (és a dir, el telefon), qui provoca aquests efectes no-desitjats.
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We present a new video capture methodology applied to the context of synchronized swimming. Its specificity as a competitive sport comes from the need to work with social bodies in an extremely constrained environment, that of underwater,... more
We present a new video capture methodology applied to the context of synchronized swimming. Its specificity as a competitive sport comes from the need to work with social bodies in an extremely constrained environment, that of underwater, dealing with the swimmers physicality, skills and emotions. In this paper we address the interactive patterns of the Spanish Olympic team through a video-aided ethnographic work, which included observation and interviewing. Systematic audiovisual analysis requires a detailed knowledge of the observational field through note taking and video capture for 3 months in 2012. We considered the trainers as well as the swimmers experts in their domains, with superior knowledge about their activity. In order not to get lost with the data, we classified Activity Recurrent Episodes between the trainers and the synchronized swimmers. To code and analyze the video we used ELAN® developed by the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, for small-scale interactions. We classified the type of interactions and sorted through the channels of communication that lead to the production and selection of choreographies. As preliminary results, their interactions included cognitive processes that were empirically embodied, situated and distributed. The communication process between the trainers and the synchronized swimmers seems to be shaped by environmental elements such as the music and the water. Plus, there is shared awareness among synchronized swimming professionals of the emotional implication of their interactions. Video-aided ethnography allows to understand synchronized swimming as a sports discipline based on a key duality: its social dimension, that comes with the group of swimmers and trainers, and the technical dimension, which includes the production of new figures and choreographies.
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Presenterò alcune idee in questi pochi minuti sul perché è utile fare un’etnografia cognitiva di un contesto lavorativo ospedaliero, e che tipo di modelli e strumenti di comunicazione si possono rendere visibili con questo metodo di... more
Presenterò alcune idee in questi pochi minuti sul perché è utile fare un’etnografia cognitiva di un contesto lavorativo ospedaliero, e che tipo di modelli e strumenti di comunicazione si possono rendere visibili con questo metodo di ricerca sociale. La slide mostra la sala principale, irradiata, cioè, con radiazione, di un laboratorio di emodinamica di un ospedale pubblico a Barcellona. Vedete macchine, schermi, e soprattutto un corpo. Mi sono concentrata sulla relazione professionale, senza incorporare il rapporto medico-paziente. L'invisibilità del paziente sarà l’oggetto di un mio prossimo articolo, perché ora mi sembra sconvolgente come non abbia sentito curiosità o empatia per quei corpi che entravano ed uscivano ad intervalli regolari (circa 15 corpi al giorno). Il mio atteggiamento è probabilmente una conseguenza dell'atteggiamento dei medici e infermieri, che quasi non entrano in relazione con il paziente a parte dello strettamente necessario. La dimensione di genere è stata considerata nei rapporti di comunicazione, ma non è stato considerato un oggetto a sé stante. L'etnografia si è svolta in un laboratorio di emodinamica, dove lavorano in giorni alterni cardiologi e chirurghi vascolari, e un’unica squadra di infermiere. Il gruppo-tipo è composto da 6 membri, come mostra la mappa: un esperto medico e due residenti da un lato e due infermiere ed una assistente, dall'altro. La sala irradiata è separata dalla sala computer con una parete di vetro. La maggior parte della comunicazione, come potrete vedere nel video, avviene attraverso questa parete o dalla porta. L'osservazione ha avuto una durata di tre mesi ed è stata supportata da una videocamera. Le posizioni della telecamera sono indicate nel disegno. La prospettiva del senso comune e di modelli teorici dominanti, come la Rational Choice Theory di come si prendono le decisioni mediche, non corrisponde a quello che vediamo nella realtà. Per spiegare i modelli di professionisti della comunicazione si dovrebbe osservare il loro ambiente fisico e sociale. Tutti i tipi di conoscenza, quali che siano, anche il medico, è un prodotto di intersoggettività. Cioè, in una unità medica tutti sanno che tutti sanno che tutti sanno. Le informazioni scambiate nell’unità devono essere riconosciute come valide e condivise (parzialmente) da tutti i membri del team. La comunicazione interpersonale è dunque un elemento centrale del processo di lavoro. In questo contesto, gli strumenti professionali e gli elementi narrativi sono cruciali per il successo dell'intervento.
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La riqueza de la danza viene de la necesidad de trabajar con un cuerpo individual, que no es transferible, con sus emociones, destrezas y fisicalidades. Pero el cuerpo del bailarín pertenece un contexto plural, cruzado por tradiciones... more
La riqueza de la danza viene de la necesidad de trabajar con un cuerpo individual, que no es transferible, con sus emociones, destrezas y fisicalidades. Pero el cuerpo del bailarín pertenece un contexto plural, cruzado por tradiciones artísticas y sociales que posiciona el artista en un campo dado. Nos centramos en la producción de discurso en una compañía de danza inglesa con la aplicación del Análisis Crítico del Discurso a un corpus de entrevistas a bailarinas y coreógrafo. Estos datos pertenecen al proyecto etnográfico Dance and Cognition, dirigido por David Kirsh de la University of California, junto con la WayneMcgregor-Random Dance Company. Seis cámaras fueron utilizadas para grabar los procesos de ensayos de Dyad (2009), FAR (2010) y UNDANCE (2011). En nuestro análisis hemos clasificado el tipo de interacciones y seleccionado los canales comunicativos. Presentamos cómo la creatividad en danza se puede observar empíricamente, cómo un producto social distribuido y corpóreo. Las performances emocionales involucradas en los ensayos de danza difieren de los bailarines y el coreógrafo, y tienen necesariamente una componente musical. En definitiva, las interacciones comunicativas expresadas en el discurso de la compañía se configura a partir del habitus de danza de su particular contexto social.
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Research Interests: Music and Dance Studies
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Con el fin de definir el lugar de la investigacion arquitectonica, este articulo descubre, en un primer apartado teorico, algunas condiciones basicas sobre las relaciones entre la teoria y la practica arquitectonicas. La primera condicion... more
Con el fin de definir el lugar de la investigacion arquitectonica, este articulo descubre, en un primer apartado teorico, algunas condiciones basicas sobre las relaciones entre la teoria y la practica arquitectonicas. La primera condicion es que, tal como ocurre con la educacion y con la legislacion, la investigacion arquitectonica se basa en una sabiduria teorica orientada a la practica, como ya predijo Aristoteles hace mucho tiempo. La segunda condicion es la necesidad de que se desarrollen teorias arquitectonicas nuevas que informen del poder del diseno construido y del uso social del espacio, el transporte, la comunicacion, etc. La tercera condicion es que el lugar especifico de investigacion en arquitectura tiene que ser la investigacion de “lugares”, donde los arquitectos no pueden ser reemplazarlos facilmente por otros expertos.
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En la actualidad de la industria musical, muchas mujeres trabajadoras viven experiencias de injusticia y desigualdad que, percibidas o no, están causadas y afectan simultáneamente al sistema de relaciones de producción y la vida... more
En la actualidad de la industria musical, muchas mujeres trabajadoras viven experiencias de injusticia y desigualdad que, percibidas o no, están causadas y afectan simultáneamente al sistema de relaciones de producción y la vida cotidiana. Y tales experiencias ya se hacen evidentes desde el estado de desconocimiento que conlleva la inexistencia de bases de datos y registros de las actividades económicas por género en esta industria. Se intenta responder así a una pregunta: ¿cómo podemos investigar las posibles experiencias de injusticias y desigualdades de género cuando no hay registros oficiales que nos esclarezcan las estructuras básicas que ordenan las relaciones de producción que afectan a la vida cotidiana? Más aún cuando hoy existe evidencias de sobra de la desigualdad histórica de las mujeres frente a los hombres en el terreno laboral. La metodología mixta responde, por tanto, a la situación de injustica e ignorancia epistémica que subyace a la presente estructura de relacion...
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Objective: In this first study of its kind in Spain, we analyse the scope of and reasons underlying paternal regret. Background: Research on parental regret, a subject only recently broached by analysts, tends to focus on motherhood.... more
Objective: In this first study of its kind in Spain, we analyse the scope of and reasons underlying paternal regret. Background: Research on parental regret, a subject only recently broached by analysts, tends to focus on motherhood. Regretting fatherhood has been only scantly researched. In this study we test the effects of intensive fathering, the use of different care resources, economic and employment conditions, and satisfaction with respondents’ partnership on their regret for having children. Method: The analysis is based on an online survey of parents of children under 7 years old (QUIDAN Survey) A total of 3100 parents were interviewed, with the sample evenly distributed by sex and youngest child’s age, and proportional by parents’ highest level of schooling and place of residence. The weighted subsample used in this article included 1374 fathers. The hypotheses are tested with logistic regression. Results: The social factors associated with a greater likelihood of regret i...
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This paper presents a theoretical and methodological discusssion on a visual etnography that took place in a sports training. We propose an integrated model of expert knowledge that explains the swimmers’ and trainers decisión-making as... more
This paper presents a theoretical and methodological discusssion on a visual etnography that took place in a sports training. We propose an integrated model of expert knowledge that explains the swimmers’ and trainers decisión-making as part of the Spanish Olympic team. We Stara with an ethnographic data co- llection that integrates analogical observation, video observation and interviews- The use of analytical tools such as ELAN software puts forward the possibility of measuring social activity not only with statistical models, but also by forma- lizing the interaction and the production of knowledge. We provide a detailed work of transcription and sistematization of visual patterns. Moreover, we make explicit the arquitectonic principles of ELAN software that build our codifica- tion strategy, avoiding the reification of the training process in synchronized swimming. Our results show the rich explanatory power of this mixed research methodology in sport environments, until now dom...
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El presente dataset corresponde a una muestra de 150 trayectorias laborales (n=150 individuos) incorporando más de 2500 variables con información sobre los individuos (ego) y sus trayectorias generada en el marco del proyecto "La... more
El presente dataset corresponde a una muestra de 150 trayectorias laborales (n=150 individuos) incorporando más de 2500 variables con información sobre los individuos (ego) y sus trayectorias generada en el marco del proyecto "La acumulación y uso de capital social en los jóvenes con trayectorias laborales de inestabilidad ¿También el efecto Mateo? (CAPSINES) - ref. CSO2016-77905-P. Los datos provienen de una encuesta que fue administrada, siguiendo una estrategia de muestreo por cuotas, bajo un formato mixto, incluyendo preguntas de carácter cuantitativo con el complemento de preguntas de carácter cualitativo. Para ello se ha combinado la entrevista de tipo estructurado con la de tipo semi-estructurado. Los datos se recogieron entre abril y diciembre de 2018, utilizando un aplicativo de encuesta online. Para la reconstrucción inicial de las trayectorias y previa a la realización de la encuesta, se ha utilizado el instrumento conocido como "life history grid", recogie...
"Dance is a discipline of artistic creation which includes a key duality. Its social dimension, also called relational, starts with a group of people dancing; and its technical dimension includes the production of new steps and... more
"Dance is a discipline of artistic creation which includes a key duality. Its social dimension, also called relational, starts with a group of people dancing; and its technical dimension includes the production of new steps and moves. The richness of dance comes from the need to work with an individual body, which is not transferable, with its emotions, skills and physicality. But the body of the dancer belongs to plural context, crossed by artistic and social traditions, which locate the artists in a given field. We analyze the interactive patterns of a British dance company through a video-aided ethnographic work, which included observation and interviewing. Six cameras were used to record the 2 months rehearsal process. At the end of each day, the choreographer and four dancers were selected and interviewed. We considered the choreographer as well as the dancers experts in their domains, with superior knowledge about their activity. As preliminary results, the creative decisions involved in dance are embodied, distributed and mutimodal. We found evidences in the dancers narratives, and in the way choreographers talk about their work."
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La riqueza de la danza viene de la necesidad de trabajar con un cuerpo individual, que no es transferible, con sus emociones, destrezas y fisicalidades. Pero el cuerpo del bailarín pertenece a un contexto plural, cruzado por tradiciones... more
La riqueza de la danza viene de la necesidad de trabajar con un cuerpo individual, que no es transferible, con sus emociones, destrezas y fisicalidades. Pero el cuerpo del bailarín pertenece a un contexto plural, cruzado por tradiciones artísticas y sociales que posiciona el artista en un campo dado. Nos centramos en la producción de discurso en una compañía de danza inglesa con la aplicación del Análisis Critico del Discurso a un corpus de entrevistas a bailarinas y coreógrafo. Estos datos pertenecen al al proyecto etnográfico Dance and Cognition, dirigido por David Kirsh de la University of California, junto con la WayneMcgregor‐Random Dance Company. Seis cámaras fueron utilizadas para grabar los procesos de ensayos de Dyad (2009), FAR (2010) y UNDANCE (2011). En nuestro análisis hemos clasificado el tipo de interacciones y seleccionado los canales comunicativos. Presentamos cómo la creatividad en danza se puede observar empíricamente, cómo un producto social distribuido y corpóre...
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This paper examines the existing interrelations among co-workers in coffee breaks contexts in an international context. More specifically, we focus on intercultural communication processes and its resulting gossip networks. Knorr Cetina... more
This paper examines the existing interrelations among co-workers in coffee breaks contexts in an international context. More specifically, we focus on intercultural communication processes and its resulting gossip networks. Knorr Cetina (1999) coined the term technical gossip to describe communicative interactions that happen during manipulation of tools or machinery, as well as during breaks and transitional spaces like corridors. Ethnographic evidence puts forward that most professional decisions take place in informal environments. Examples such as the Rad Lab at MIT, widely regarded as one of the most creative spaces in the world, show how decision-making seems to increase when members of different departments or specializations run into each other for reasons other than research or administration. Random encounters favor communication, which reinforces the team synchronization as well as the distribution of necessary information (Hutchins, 2008). Moreover, coffee breaks and lun...
¿What is personal space in parenthood? Common knowledge, wildly shared in academia, tends to conflate family time with personal time, particularly in the case of mothers. This social metonymy neglects both a pragmatic and a symbolic... more
¿What is personal space in parenthood? Common knowledge, wildly shared in academia, tends to conflate family time with personal time, particularly in the case of mothers. This social metonymy neglects both a pragmatic and a symbolic aspect of parenthood that this paper would like to explore further. The expression “my space” appears constantly in the spontaneous discourse of young mothers, defining a need for autonomy and self-realization that becomes paramount once the baby is born. Among fathers’, the favored claim seems to be the opposite: spending time with their child is described as a way of unwinding from work, and thus a way of constructing this private space. This discursive topos indicates a strongly-gendered construction of roles based on care as a primary activity for mothers, which excludes fathers? Is “my space” paradoxically constructed as opposed to childcare in mothers, while based on it among fathers? What do these discursive differences say about the experiences of mothers and fathers in taking care of their children? We provide a qualitative thematic analysis (Alonso, 1998) of 10 semi-structured interviews to Spanish mothers and fathers. Since discourse is shaped by age, class, occupation and gender, we created a typology of interviewees restricted to middle class young parents with at least one child (30 to 35 years, since the average motherhood age in Spain is 31 years old), balanced by gender and activity. Given that the unemployment rate in Spain is 26% in 2014, and 57% for those under 25, we balanced our sample to include the corresponding proportions of activity: our interviewees were non active (2), a situation that can hide unemployment or students, employed (4), on parental leave (2), and unemployed (2). A space of ones own (taking Virginia Woolf’s words) appears to be a fuzzy concept that is strongly context-dependent. Clarifying its meaning through a plurality of methodologies will bring forward elements of the social imaginary on parenthood (Salmon, 2008, Alonso & Fernandez, 2013). Moreover, the recent fashion of sustaining gender differences on neuroscience and developmental psychology (see Muntanyola, 2013 review on Bluhm et al (eds) Neurofeminism) naturalizes these roles and practices related to childcare and parenthood.Subjective social expectations have objective effects in family relationships and identity making and can inform social policies such as parental leaves, daycare resources and equality in labor relations (Torns, 2004; Meil et al, 2007; Carrasco et al, 2011). Since gender is not a local or national topic, we are eager to look into compared frameworks of research across countries and regions (Flaquer, 2004; Wall & Escobedo, 2009; Gornik, Meyers et al, 2009; Degenne, Marry & Moulin, 2011; Rubery & Rafferty, 2013), Symbolically, we would like to make visible narratives from both partners. We are aware of the absence of the “father” in many narratives on motherhood (Capdevila, 2012), and of the fragmentary presence of fathering (as a perfomative role) in the sphere of childcare and domestic tasks (Romero et al, 2013, Moss & O’Brien, 2010). Still, taking into account the intersubjective and socially constructed nature of parenthood, space cannot be taken exclusively as an atomistic expression of a desire or preference, but as built upon the partner’s role. Pragmatically, we will discuss the daily practices of subjects to preserve their personal space. Space is an equivalent to personal time, that is, an individualized experience that comes with, but is not just, that of family or work time (Callejo, 2013). Depending on structural social factors, personal space might include activities related to taking care of a healthy and beautiful body, such as waxing or going to the gym; shopping, socially sharing leisure activities with friends; cultural consumption such as reading or watching a movie, or more public activities, such as developing professionally or studying. The heterogeneity of the concept “my space” makes it a polyvalent operator (Champagne, 1999). We expect this different ways of managing work and care to bring to the table the construction of social identities, ways of understanding fatherhood and motherhood, as well as differences in the conceptions of gender, care, work, autonomy, childcare and pleasure.
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En el entrenamiento de natación sincronizada confluyen elementos artísticos y deportivos de alta competitividad. Nos preguntamos cómo contribuyen los andamiajes y affordances a la estabilización de los recursos cognitivos de la... more
En el entrenamiento de natación sincronizada confluyen elementos artísticos y deportivos de alta competitividad. Nos preguntamos cómo contribuyen los andamiajes y affordances a la estabilización de los recursos cognitivos de la entrenadora y de las nadadoras del equipo olímpico español de natación sincronizada. Vamos a detenernos en qué se entiende por recursos cognitivos y en los posibles sentidos de andamiaje y affordance. Y examinamos las pautas comunicativas y el proceso de trabajo que da lugar al entrenamiento de natación sincronizada. Proponemos una etnografía cognitiva de los entrenamientos, un método innovador que sistematiza los patrones de actividad de las interacciones locales entre los participantes de la formación deportiva. Hemos utilizado el programa ELAN e incorporado las técnicas de descripción jeffersonianas que provienen del método de análisis conversacional. Los resultados muestran cómo el proceso de entrenamiento implica la interacción en un entorno que incluye ...
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How young job seekers mobilize their contacts in the labour market? We look at mobilization of personal networks of young adults in Barcelona. We consider the strength of ties and status homophily as mecha- nisms of personal networks as... more
How young job seekers mobilize their contacts in the labour market? We look at mobilization of personal networks of young adults in Barcelona. We consider the strength of ties and status homophily as mecha- nisms of personal networks as for the consolidation of social capital. Our qualitative analysis of 18 in- terviews with job seekers explores their personal networks and labour market trajectories. We applied Social Network Analysis (SNA). Our analysis of social capital indicates the existence of a relation between the cultural and economic capitals of job seekers and the compositional features of their networks. Re- sults show how networks are similarly heterogeneous in terms of strength of ties, and mostly homophilous in educational levels. But these similarities in terms of social capital come with sharp inequalities in the patterns of mobilized contacts and their success in finding a job. These differences can be explained by the type and volume of capitals of job seekers. Tho...
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What happens when we move with others? How do dancers predict and synchronize their single moves and build a duet, a trio or a quartet? Within a video-aided ethnography of dance we observed and interviewed from 2009 to 2014 the members... more
What happens when we move with others? How do dancers predict and synchronize their single moves and build a duet, a trio or a quartet? Within a video-aided ethnography of dance we observed and interviewed from 2009 to 2014 the members Wayne McGregor- Random Dance Company in London. Our goal is to define the nature of artistic partnering moving past the phenomenological subjectivity that dominates the theoretical production in the dance field. Dancers follow instructions, improvise, learn and create new moves my doing what they do best, dance. In this paper we want to speak about dancing in duets, in other words partnering, a specific type of face-to-face interaction that Schutz (1967, 1971, 1976) defines as a preccomunicative social interaction.
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L'estudi que aci es presenta, sota l'encarrec del projecte EQUAL impulsat pels municipis de l'Eix Diagonal i sota el lema IGUALEM, te com a objectiu principal estudiar la realitat laboral femenina dels dits municipis. En... more
L'estudi que aci es presenta, sota l'encarrec del projecte EQUAL impulsat pels municipis de l'Eix Diagonal i sota el lema IGUALEM, te com a objectiu principal estudiar la realitat laboral femenina dels dits municipis. En principi es preten descriure i explicar la situacio de les dones absents del mercat laboral. En particular, es volen coneixer quines son les seves dificultats a l'hora d'inserir-se en el mercat de treball i, mes especificament, en aquells sectors d'activitat i llocs de treball mes masculinitzats. Finalment l'estudi preten, tambe, dibuixar propostes que facin viable la insercio laboral de les dones en aquests sectors de baixa presencia femenina.
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En el entrenamiento de natacion sincronizada confluyen elementos artisticos y deportivos de alta competitividad. Nos preguntamos como contribuyen los andamiajes y affordances a la estabilizacion de los recursos cognitivos de la... more
En el entrenamiento de natacion sincronizada confluyen elementos artisticos y deportivos de alta competitividad. Nos preguntamos como contribuyen los andamiajes y affordances a la estabilizacion de los recursos cognitivos de la entrenadora y de las nadadoras del equipo olimpico espanol de natacion sincronizada. Vamos a detenernos en que se entiende por recursos cognitivos y en los posibles sentidos de andamiaje y affordance. Y examinamos las pautas comunicativas y el proceso de trabajo que da lugar al entrenamiento de natacion sincronizada. Proponemos una etnografia cognitiva de los entrenamientos, un metodo innovador que sistematiza los patrones de actividad de las interacciones locales entre los participantes de la formacion deportiva. Hemos utilizado el programa ELAN e incorporado las tecnicas de descripcion jeffersonianas que provienen del metodo de analisis conversacional. Los resultados muestran como el proceso de entrenamiento implica la interaccion en un entorno que incluye ...
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This paper presents a cognitive ethnography on the variability of interpersonal coordination in defense against direct screens during basketball games. We collected data through observation of ten games of Estudiantes U18 Team during the... more
This paper presents a cognitive ethnography on the variability of interpersonal coordination in defense against direct screens during basketball games. We collected data through observation of ten games of Estudiantes U18 Team during the 2014/2015 season in Madrid. We filmed the game and showed clips of specific direct screens to players while conducting semi-structured interviews. We analyzed the video and the discourse qualitatively following grounded theory principles. We identified three categories expressing variability: failure, partial repair, and functional variation. Even though communication was quoted by the interviewed players as a key element in their decision-making, other contextual elements – related to framing and joint attention- affected the degree of variation and success. Based on these findings, the paper offers some recommendations for coaching the tactical behaviour of defense against direct screens.
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This article analyzes the ideological discourses of fathers on the use of paternity leave in Spain. The goal is to reconstruct the ideological positions that fathers from different social locations develop around the existence of... more
This article analyzes the ideological discourses of fathers on the use of paternity leave in Spain. The goal is to reconstruct the ideological positions that fathers from different social locations develop around the existence of paternity leave as well as to explore their attitudes toward the impending length equalization of paternity and maternity leaves. A qualitative analysis was applied through the configuration of eight focus groups with fathers from two Spanish cities, Madrid and Barcelona. The results show the diversity of the fathers’ ideological positions in their representations about paternity leave. Different conceptions and degrees of legitimacy are observed, often conditioned by work, and institutional and gender contexts to which these fathers belong. Only some discourses and specific positions back up the change of legislation toward the equivalent duration of paternity and maternity leaves.
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Research Interests: Sociology, Psychology, Gender Studies, Social Work, Family studies, and 10 moreParenting, Sociology of Everyday Life, Sociology of Gender, Gender division of labour, Public health systems and services research, Sociology of the Family, Family Studies, Intensive Mothering, Routledge, and Sexual Division of Labour
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preamble and insertions and the speech prefixes do somewhat resemble stage directions. The second text has been translated in its entirety by Benn with annotations in Chapter 7 (pp. 157–71). Kissa yōkō ji 喫茶養生記 (Drinking Tea for... more
preamble and insertions and the speech prefixes do somewhat resemble stage directions. The second text has been translated in its entirety by Benn with annotations in Chapter 7 (pp. 157–71). Kissa yōkō ji 喫茶養生記 (Drinking Tea for Nourishing Life), by the Japanese monk Eisai 榮西 (1141–1215), is a work that might be easily overlooked in a study of the cultural and religious aspects of tea in China, but as the monk spent considerable time in China (from 1168–1169 and from 1187–1191), it includes “important eyewitness accounts of methods of tea production and consumption in late Southern Song Zhejiang” (p. 145). It would be fascinating to compare a similar text written by a Korean monk of roughly the same period or earlier. I was not surprised to learn that the initial impetus to write the book goes back to Benn’s master’s thesis, completed at SOAS in 1994. A long incubation period to refine, shape, and hone ideas is evident from the author’s incisive and persuasive arguments. My one quibble is that the book isn’t long enough and that ideas and arguments in each chapter could have been further explored and amplified in the notes.
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La riqueza de la danza viene de la necesidad de trabajar con cuerpos. Pero el cuerpo del bailarín pertenece a un contexto plural, cruzado por tradiciones artísticas y sociales que posiciona el artista en un campo determinado. Partimos de... more
La riqueza de la danza viene de la necesidad de trabajar con cuerpos. Pero el cuerpo del bailarín pertenece a un contexto plural, cruzado por tradiciones artísticas y sociales que posiciona el artista en un campo determinado. Partimos de la premisa de que el conflicto de roles es un componente esencial de la estructura de la creación artística colectiva. Analizamos los discursos de los miembros de una compañía de danza inglesa, parte del proyecto etnográfico ‘Dance and Cognition’, dirigido por David Kirsh de la Universidad de California, junto con la WayneMcGregor-Random Dance Company. Aplicamos un Análisis Crítico del Discurso a un corpus de entrevistas enfocadas en las emociones, la música y la danza. Demostramos cómo la creatividad en danza se puede observar empíricamente, como un producto social distribuido y corpóreo, articulado por el habitus de la danza.
Research Interests: Discourse Analysis, Music, Anthropology, Art, Ethnography, and 15 moreMemory Studies, Habitus, Pierre Bourdieu, Narrative Analysis, Dance, Affordances, Erving Goffman, Etnografía, Sociologia De Las Emociones, Sociología De La Música, Danza, Role Theory, Social Roles, Body memory, and Emotions Social Psychology
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The expression “my space” appears constantly in the spontaneous discourse of young mothers, defining a need for autonomy and self-realization that becomes paramount once the baby is born. Among fathers’, the favored claim seems to be the... more
The expression “my space” appears constantly in the spontaneous discourse of young mothers, defining a need for autonomy and self-realization that becomes paramount once the baby is born. Among fathers’, the favored claim seems to be the opposite: spending time with their child is described as a way of unwinding from work, and thus a way of constructing this private space. We follow a socio-cognitive paradigm, based on Idealized Cognitive Models (Lakoff, 1987). We made eight face to face interviews and two Skype interviews. Since discourse is shaped by age, class, occupation and gender, our sample is restricted to middle class young parents with at least one child from 6 months to 2 years old, balanced by gender and activity. We looked into what these discursive differences say about the experiences of mothers and fathers in taking care of their children. The discursive topos indicates a strongly-gendered construction of roles based on care as a primary activity for mothers, which e...
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"Visual ethnography is a method for looking at compared creative settings that are messy, complex and uncertain environments. Creativity in artistic professions is highly contextual and intersubjective. As recent developments from... more
"Visual ethnography is a method for looking at compared creative settings that are messy, complex and uncertain environments. Creativity in artistic professions is highly contextual and intersubjective. As recent developments from cognitive science and embodied cognition put forward, the production of knowledge extends beyond the individual agent and is embedded in functional, technical and communicative patterns of interaction. I propose as study case our comparative analysis of visual ethnographies on dance and synchronized swimming, in Barcelona and London. By using the tools offered by new technologies such as ELAN (The Language Archive) software, we show that qualitative sociological observation can include analog as well as digital methods. Our longitudinal comparisons between cases, through the entrance process, data gathering, and data analysis shows how researchers are flexible in practice, and methodologically promiscuous. It is through theoretical coding and reflexivity that one can avoid reification in creative contexts. "
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Research Interests: Discourse Analysis, Art, Dance Studies, Performance Studies, Performance, and 13 moreCritical Discourse Analysis, Habitus, Análisis del Discurso, Cuerpo, Música, Creatividad, Danza, Análisis Crítico Del Discurso, Percepción De Emociones En La Música, Emociones, Autoria, Emotions Social Psychology, and Sociedad de Etnomusicologia
ABSTRACT We define, classify and discover new functions, aspects and types of marking as a body skill. Through a cognitive ethnography of a top class dance company we collected extensive video data on the complete rehearsal process as... more
ABSTRACT We define, classify and discover new functions, aspects and types of marking as a body skill. Through a cognitive ethnography of a top class dance company we collected extensive video data on the complete rehearsal process as well as concise speech extracted from multiple interviews made to the dancers and the choreographer. We provide a detailed qualitative explanation of the dancers' activity to show how marking can be a vehicle for physical thinking. The dancers' bodies perform multiple cognitive functions when marking. Dancers mark for recall, but also for refining, communicating and coordinating new relevant multimodal information during the rehearsal of a new choreography. Moreover, a quantification of the sequence of movements and the definition of invariant geometrical transformations provides an objective account of this interactive phenomenon.
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Research Interests: Sociology, Theodor Adorno, Sociology of Music, Sociological Theory, Adorno, and 12 morePluralism, Musica, Sociología De La Música, Language Culture and Communication, Teoría Sociológica, RIS, Teoria Sociológica, Teoria Sociologica, Pluralismo, Sociologia Del Arte, Macro/Micro Economics, and Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
ABSTRACT This paper arises from the need to explain expert decision-making in professional environments from a plural and interdisciplinary perspective. An extended review of Rational Choice Theory (RCT) from its first developments to... more
ABSTRACT This paper arises from the need to explain expert decision-making in professional environments from a plural and interdisciplinary perspective. An extended review of Rational Choice Theory (RCT) from its first developments to current trends makes explicit the mismatch between RCT and empirical work settings. A review of recent theories on the cognitive abilities of agents makes clear the lack of integration between findings in evolutionary psychology, cognitive science, perceptual psychology and neurology, and those proposed by RCT. We will examine the causes for the failure of Good Old Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI), the strongest empirical program for testing RCT premises. Contributions from the cognitive and social sciences put forward the weaknesses of analytical sociology at all four levels: the biological, the psychological, the epistemological, and the ontological. Alternative explanations from contemporary cognitive science will be put forward.
Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Artificial Intelligence, Epistemology, Decision Making, and 13 moreExpertise, Interdisciplinarity, Philosophy of Psychology, Distributed Cognition, Embodied Cognition, Rational Choice, Behavioral Decision Making, Decision Making Under Uncertainty, Theory of Mind (Psychology), Analytical Sociology, Clinical Decision Making, Analytical Psychology, and Toma De Decisiones
ABSTRACT This paper is on the role that the phone plays in a mixed-methods empirical research. In the current sociological literature, the phone is a methodological object associated with quantitative fieldwork, while little is said on... more
ABSTRACT This paper is on the role that the phone plays in a mixed-methods empirical research. In the current sociological literature, the phone is a methodological object associated with quantitative fieldwork, while little is said on the phone as a tool for qualitative research. We reflect here on a case study on the use of parental leaves by fathers in Spain, which included the phone as the only communication tool between researchers and subjects. We collect out own experience as interviewers in the qualitative phase of the research project, and interviewed surveyors working in the field. We analyze the discursive data following grounded theory principles and compare the use of both techniques in the data gathering process, including sampling and design. Thus, we consider interviewing and surveying as mediated communication situations. Our findings show that the value of the phone as a tool for research is a matter of adequacy to a given methodology, rather than an issue of validity, reliability, or credibility.
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ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to identify and analyse the logic and structure of centrality measures applied to social networks. On the basis of the article by Borgatti and Everett, identifying the latent functions of centrality, we... more
ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to identify and analyse the logic and structure of centrality measures applied to social networks. On the basis of the article by Borgatti and Everett, identifying the latent functions of centrality, we first use a survey of personal networks with 450 cases to perform an empirical study of the differences and correspondences between degree, closeness and betweenness centrality in personal networks. Then, we examine the correspondences between the three global indicators in each type of centrality: the maximum value, the mean value and the hierarchy or centralization. The results provide a better understanding of the centrality indicators of networks and the reality that they express in an empirical context.