Juan Adolfo Chica Ruiz

Tourism as a tool for the enhancement and conservation of heritage represents an opportunity for many managers of cultural properties. However, despite the numerous works developed so far on tourism governance, the elaboration of preliminary studies for decision-making in heritage buildings is still a challenge. Considering the ecosystem services approach, an index is proposed which allows tourism and cultural heritage managers to analyze and quantify the level of tourist exploitation (use) of a monument for the services (benefits) that it offers to society. In this paper, a multi-criteria evaluation system was proposed, related to the main use of the building and its relationship with various tourism components, which have been classified as cultural, leisure, recreational, lodging, catering, intermediation, transportation, and event organization. The model has been applied to the Parroquia del Mar (Alicante, Spain) of great cultural relevance, but not exploited for tourism. The re...

Purpose This paper attempts to fill the gap that exists in research regarding 20th-century heritage and its social appreciation. The purpose of this paper is to explore different ways of evaluating the heritage value and tourism potential and to propose an innovative model validated in the Zarzuela Hippodrome as an example of cultural asset from 20th century with important economic, social, cultural, aesthetic and architectural aspects. Design/methodology/approach This study opted for an interpretation of heritage from an ecosystem, integrating and global paradigm, understanding the asset as a set of resources that interact with each other, generating a common and enriched tourist experience among all the elements that make it up. From this perspective, it is conceived that by modifying one of the elements, the whole (tourist) ecosystem will be equally influenced. On the other side, it was incorporated non-parametric techniques based on the implementation of surveys for the validati...

Sea, Sun, and Sand (3S) are relevant and determining elements for choosing a tourist destination in Ecuador, a country with about 1200 km of coast along the Pacific Ocean. This study analyzed the market potential of the 3S in 64 beaches, 10 located in the Galapagos and 54 in the continental zone (of Ecuador). The methodology used was exploratory and bibliographical, complemented by a descriptive analysis. The color of the water was assessed by direct observation, sand samples were taken to a laboratory for color analysis, and information on the hours of light was obtained from international archive data. The data obtained were compared with other world famous 3S tourism destinations. The Galapagos had the best results, with attractive white sand beaches, sea blue water color, and an elevated sunshine time; meanwhile, the continental zone presented poor beaches with dark sand and unattractive water color. To strengthen 3S tourism, managers should work on the enhancement of complement...

The scenery, safety, facilities, water quality and litter quantities in coastal areas are relevant and determining elements in the choice of a tourist destination. This paper focused on the evaluation of coastal scenic value in 55 and 12 sites respectively located in continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands. The information obtained gives public administrators and coastal managers the relevant data to avoid further environmental degradation and suggests measures to improve the present scenic value of tourist destinations. The methodology used was based on the analysis of 26 physical/human factors and applied fuzzy logic analysis and weighting matrices that allowed the sites to be classified into five classes, from Class I (natural areas with superior scenic characteristics) to Class V (poor scenic areas with relevant impact of human interventions). The most attractive beaches were in the Galapagos Islands due to the magnificent physical and environmental characteristics, while ...

Tourism in coastal areas is becoming increasingly important in Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) as an integrated approach that balances the requirements of different tourist sectors. This paper analyzes ICZM in continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands from the perspective of the 3S tourism, and presents its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). The methodology used was based on a literature review of ten aspects of the highest relevance to ICZM, i.e., Policies, Regulations, Responsibilities, Institutions, Strategies and Instruments, Training, Economic Resources, Information, Education for Sustainability, and Citizen Participation. The results highlight four aspects as strengths (Policies, Responsibilities, Institutions and Citizen Participation), while the most notable weaknesses were Regulations and Education for sustainability. Strategies and Instruments, as well as Information, were identified as opportunities to stand out. The main threats were E...

El análisis de las diecisiete páginas web de Andalucía (Las páginas web de las ocho Diputaciones provinciales y de los ocho Ayuntamientos de la capital provincial junto con la página oficial de la Junta de Andalucía) nos proporcionará las claves, no sólo sobre el tipo de turismo que desde los organismos oficiales se pretende vender, sino también los aspectos técnicos-formales que aparecen en dichas páginas. Los apartados que vamos a analizar en las diecisiete páginas Web están entre los primeros lugares del ranking de los principales buscadores (Google, Yahoo, bing, Ask, etc.), son fíceles de navegar, rápidos a la hora de cargarse, visualmente atractivos, interactivos, detallistas y orientados a un público concreto.

Eduardo Torroja Miret (1899-1961) was one of the most important Spanish engineers. His understanding of structures and materials made him a world reference in the field of engineering and architecture. Due to the lack of ornamentation in his works and the lack of heritage interpretation aimed at a non-specialist public, many of his works sometimes go unnoticed by inexperienced eyes and, despite his important legacy, Torroja remains a great unknown. This paper reports on the existing heritage perception of two of his most outstanding works in Spain, the Zarzuela Hippodrome and the Instituto Técnico de la Construcción y el Cemento (Eduardo Torroja Institute). To this end, surveys and interviews were carried out with visitors to both buildings based on different heritage criteria, such as their architectural importance, aesthetics, significance or representativeness, but also from the point of view of the available tourist infrastructure. The results show a lack of appreciation in the ...

ABSTRACT In this presentation we describe a joint collaboration between Carnegie Mellon University and the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center researchers who have developed a Collaborative CyberInfrastructure for Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP): http://www.minlp.org, that has been funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant OCI-0750826: OpenCyberInfrastructure for Mixed-integer Nonlinear Programming: Collaboration and Deployment via Virtual Environments. Optimization is one of the strategic technologies for cyberinfrastructure computational tools. Many of the challenging application models require the use of discrete variables (mostly 0-1 variables) to represent logic choices, as well as the handling of nonlinearities in order to accurately predict the performance of physical, chemical, biological, financial or social systems. These optimization problems correspond to Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programs (MINLP), which in logic form can be represented as Generlaized Disjunctive Programming (GDP) problems in terms of Boolean and continuous variables and algebraic equations, disjunctions and logic propositions. While MINLP optimization can be applied to a very wide class of problems, it represents one of the most challenging optimization problems. On the combinatorial side, MINLP are known to be "NP hard". On the side of nonlinearities, many MINLP models are nonconvex, which means that in the continuous space they may give rise to many local solutions. The major goal of this site is to create a library of optimization problems in different application areas in which one or several alternative models are presented with the derivation of their mathematical formulations. The emphasis of this project is on the formulation of models, since this is an area that is particularly critical in MINLP since often alternative formulations can have vastly different computational performance. The goal is also to illustrate good and bad practices of modeling in MINLP problems. Each model has one or several instances that can serve to test various algorithms. While we are emphasizing MINLP models, MILP and NLP models can also be submitted, particularly if they are relevant to problems that also have MINLP formulations. The cyberinfrastructure site is aimed at the optimization community that is increasingly interested in the solution and application of large-scale MINLP problems. This community involves academics and people from industry, and is highly multidisciplinary. It involves operations researchers, industrial, chemical and mechanical engineers, economists, chemists and biologists. This community, however, is largely disconnected, especially between algorithm developers and application domain researchers. The site provides a mechanism for researchers and users to contribute towards the creation of the library of optimization problems, and to provide a forum of discussion for algorithm developers and application users where alternative formulations, as well as performance and comparison of algorithms can be discussed. The site, which was launched in October 2009, contains information on tutorials, bibliography and resources on MINLP. The library currently contains 22 problems that were submitted in areas such as engineering, operations management, physics and finance. We describe some of these problems and discuss some of their main features. Finally, we summarize the talk by highlighting some of the lessons leaned in putting together the MINLP Cyberinfrastructure site.

" RESUMEN: Se presenta en este artículo las actuaciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo por el Área de Prehistoria de la Universidad de Málaga durante la campaña de 2001 en el Tramo III (Arroyo del Lugar- Arroyo de los Valles) de Río Grande. Consistieron dichos trabajos en: a) una prospección arqueológica superficial y b) una serie de sondeos electrofísicos en el afloramiento silíceo de El Garrotal. Se detallan los principales yacimientos localizados y se apuntan una serie de conclusiones iniciales. ABSTRACT: In this article we describe the archaeological activities developed by the Malaga University Prehistory Area in the year 2001 in the III Section (Arroyo del Lugar- Arroyo de los Valles) of the Río Grande. These activities consisted of the following: a) Archaeological surface prospecting; B) Electro physical tests in the raw material source of El Garrotal. The main findings are listed and the initial conclusions described. "

Several traditional tomato cultivars still survive in the orchards in southeastern Spain, which are highly esteemed due to their excellent quality. However, modern tomato hybrid varieties used in intensive agriculture mean that these types of local cultivars are being gradually ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate HIV prevalence, sexual risk behaviors, and HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) between 18 and 64 years old living in California.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of a statewide population-based sample of MSM.METHODS: Using data from the 2001 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS 2001), 398 men who self-identified as gay or bisexual were recontacted and interviewed by telephone for a follow-up study in 2002. Study participants were interviewed regarding their demographic characteristics and sexual behavior, HIV testing history, and HIV infection status. Those who self-reported as HIV-negative or of unknown status were offered an HIV test using a home urine specimen collection kit.RESULTS: HIV prevalence among MSM in California was 19.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.8% to 25.3%) with higher rates seen among the following subgroups: high school or less education (40.4%), annual income less than dollar 20,000 (35.0%), or history of ever injecting recreational drugs (40.3%). Young age and Hispanic or African-American race/ethnicity were associated with higher proportions of risky sexual behavior and lower HIV testing rates.CONCLUSIONS: HIV prevalence among MSM living in California continues to be high across the whole state, and population-based studies are needed periodically to complement findings from surveys using other sampling designs.

Two concurrent surveys were conducted in four California counties to compare the prenatal HIV counseling and voluntary testing (C&VT) experiences of women with the self-reported practices of prenatal care providers. Participants were 850 women currently or recently receiving prenatal care and 254 providers. Although 79.9% of women reported being offered an HIV test during a prenatal visit, only 56.2% said they were told about the risks and benefits of taking an HIV test. Almost all providers (98.4%) indicated they offer an HIV test, and 76.8% reported offering counseling, to every patient. One third of the women (65.9%) knew that treatment exists for reducing the chance of prenatal transmission of HIV, and 78.7% of women said they were more likely to be tested given knowledge of such therapy. Women may have underreported prenatal C&VT because providers spend insufficient time discussing related issues or because C&VT information is not presented in a way that is relevant to all patients.

To describe knowledge of primary and secondary sexual partner's HIV serostatus and sexual practices, including serosorting, among men who have sex with men (MSM) living in California. Men who self-identified as gay/bisexual in the 2001 California Health Interview Survey, a statewide biennial random-digit-dial survey interviewing more than 50,000 adults on a variety of health topics, were recontacted in 2002 and interviewed by telephone about injection drug use, their own and partner's HIV serostatus, and sexual risk behaviors. Among 220 men who reported a primary partner, 86% [95% confidence interval (CI): 77-92] knew their primary partner's serostatus; 62% (95% CI, 52-70) of the 250 men who reported a secondary partner knew their most recent secondary partner's HIV serostatus. Knowledge of one's most recent secondary partner's HIV serostatus was inversely related to history of injecting recreational drugs (odds ratio, 0.22; P < 0.01), and reporting a primary partner in the past year (odds ratio, 0.37; P…

Esta aportación forma parte de un monográfico dedicado exclusivamente a la relación de la provincia de Cádiz con el mar. Nuevamente, siguiendo la línea de trabajo del Grupo de Investigación en Gestión Integrada de Áreas Litorales (HUM 11/) nuestro trabajo se centró en el medio natural y los recursos de la zona costera de la provincia

Este trabajo constituye una aportación metodológica para la elaboración de Agendas 21 locales. Esta contribución es absolutamente innovadora, pues las A21 nacieron durante la CNUMAD (1992) y en estas fechas aún estaban construyéndose sus fundamentos metodológicos. La publicación tienen otras dos características innovadoras. En primer lugar, se aplican a un espacio litoral, adaptando el instrumento de la A21, orientado de forma genérica al logro de la sostenibilidad, hacia un territorio tan complejo como el litoral. En segundo lugar, plantea una opción comarcal (o supra municipal) que permite un tratamiento más global de los problemas, sobre todo de los que tienen expresión territorial y/o ambiental.

Este trabajo constituye una herramienta de planificación cuyo objetivo principal es guiar a los habitantes del litoral de La Janda (Cádiz, España) y a todas las administraciones públicas con responsabilidades en esta zona. Hacia un desarrollo más sostenible. Para ello, se han aplicado los principios y método de la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras. Así, la mayor participación pública posible, el consenso, la cooperación entre instituciones y la búsqueda de relación armoniosa entre desarrollo y medio han marcado de forma permanente esta tarea.

Este trabajo presenta una colección sistemática de mapas de diversa índole sobre la provincia de Cádiz: territorio y medio natural, la población y el poblamiento, ciudades, política, soporte productivo, equipamientos y servicios, usos no económicos del territorio, etc.

El Parque Natural de la Breña y Marismas del Barbate es uno de los 23 parques naturales de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía (España). Se sitúa en la costa atlántica de la provincia de Cádiz como antesala del Estrecho de Gibraltar. Su Plan de Desarrollo Sostenible intenta compatibilizar la conservación con los posibles usos económicos en una comarca donde la falta de suelo productivo es percibida por la población como un grave problema. Por ello, el espacio protegido es señalado como un obstáculo para el desarrollo económico de la zona. En el presenta trabajo se analizan las carcterísticas del parque natural y se hace un diagnóstico del mismo y su entorno.

En este trabajo se presentan 17 buenas prácticas desarrolladas en los municipios litorales de la provincia de Cádiz. Por Buena Práctica se entiende cualquier iniciativa, proyecto o actuación que contribuya, de manera positiva, a la conservación, protección, conocimiento, recuperación, o mejora de la administración de un recurso costero o marino. Tales iniciativas o proyectos pueden plasmarse en una actividad o acción concreta, un plan, un libro, una obra, un equipamiento, un aprovechamiento original que permita recuperar un determinado recurso, un programa didáctico, etc. Tales recursos pueden ser naturales o culturales. Entre los naturales se tuvieron en cuenta como posibles candidatos recursos hidrológicos, biológicos, geológicos y paisajísticos. Entre los culturales destacan el patrimonio etnográfico y arqueológico, técnicas ancestrales vinculadas a los recursos costeros, etc. Es una obra coleciva realizada entre alumnos y profesores de la asignatura «Modelos y Técnicas en Ordena...

The law, 28th July, of Costs, grants the really important role to the geomorphologic aspects, about the definition of Public Maritime – Terrestrial Domain (PMTD). The Domain possesses a band of protection called Restricted Area Protection. It is between 20 to 100 metres. The main purpose of this work is to reflect on the extremely important role of geomorphology on the Restricted Area Protection. The originality of proposed model is based on the fact that this design has done to take the own characteristics of PMTD associated into account, at the same time. Especially those related to the geomorphologic aspects.

La Propuesta de Estrategia define una alternativa realista y sostenible al modelo de gestión actual de la costa andaluza (España), con el objetivo general de favorecer el uso racional del territorio, facilitando el desarrollo de las actividades humanas pero bajo las premisas de la fragilidad de las zonas costeras, la protección de sus paisajes y el balance ecológico entre generaciones presentes y futuras.

El Dominio Público Marítimo Terrestre (DPMT) del Islote de Sancti Petri, en el que se encuentra el castillo homónimo, constituye un recurso natural y cultural de primer orden. Esto es así, especialmente, después de terminados los trabajos de rehabilitación de la fortaleza, llevados a cabo por la Demarcación de Costas Andalucía Atlántico (DCAA), de quien depende una vez desafectado como bien del Ejército español. El aprovechamiento de los valores ambientales y culturales del ámbito referido supone un reto a la vez que una verdadera oportunidad para el desarrollo de la Bahía de Cádiz. Esta afirmación deriva de interpretar la imprescindible conservación del patrimonio natural y cultural en el sentido físico, pero también en el social y económico. La premisa anterior obliga a buscar soluciones donde la vigilancia, el mantenimiento y la protección de los bienes, tanto naturales como culturales, se consiga a través de un uso racional y ordenado. Esto, a su vez, será posible gracias a un m...

Este trabajo viene motivado, principalmente, por la degradación de nuestros ecosistemas costeros marinos. Después de una profunda revisión de los indicadores posibles, los seleccionados por nuestra parte fueron los siguientes: grado de artificialización de la franja costera hasta los 10 km, accidentes marítimos con vertidos de hidrocarburos, intervenciones del SEPRONA en la costa, autorizaciones de vertidos al mar, instrumentos de gestión costera en las Comunidades Autónomas. Estos indicadores se incorporan a un nuevo capítulo denominado “Áreas litorales”, incluido en uno de los grandes apartados del Informe del OSE “Dimensión ambiental y territorial”. En términos generales, además de razones prácticas (periodicidad, disponibilidad y accesibilidad de la información; complementariedad con otros indicadores territoriales ya utilizados, etc.), fueron motivos vinculados a la necesaria consideración de la franja costero marina los que justifican nuestra propuesta.

En este informe se presenta un diagnóstico socioeconómico de un ámbito rural, la finca “El Imperio” (El Bosque, Cádiz). Este análisis previo pretende servir de base para el diseño de un futuro modelo de gestión integral y sostenible de dicha finca. José María Molina Martínez

En este documento se presentan los indicadores que se han realizado para el análisis de servicios de los ecosistemas costeros en Andalucía (Chica y Barragán, 2011). La identificación de dichos indicadores, tras una revisión bibliográfica y estadística, se ha relacionado con la capacidad del ecosistema de generar servicios. A la hora de su selección se ha intentado buscar un equilibrio entre los distintos tipos de servicios (abastecimiento, regulación y culturales). Igualmente se ha buscado el mismo equilibrio entre los tipos de indicadores (estado, presión y respuesta). Aunque se constata, por una parte, la ausencia de indicadores del estado general de los ecosistemas costeros, y por otra, la abundancia de los indicadores relativos a presión. El método de evaluación de los servicios se ha basado, sobre todo, en analizar la evolución de la información que proporcionan las instituciones públicas en su ámbito competencial, o las privadas relacionadas con ciertas actividades económicas.

Este trabajo presenta de manera sintética un diagnóstico de la gestión costera en Andalucía: política, normativa, competencias, instituciones, instrumentos, aspectos económicos, formación, información, educación y participación. El enfoque es tan novedoso, que proporciona suficiente material para la reflexión acerca de de una política pública de enorme trascendencia para cualquier región litoral.

This report introduces the Andalusian Strategy on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. The main purpose of this strategy is to create an appropriate institutional framework that gives a new direction and, at the same time, backs all the interventions that affect Andalusian coastal areas, so that all the organizations with competence in this issue get involved. This institutional framework tries to improve the power to manage possessed by all the agents involved in its administration. This will be achieved by means of a wide range of tools, such as coordination, formative, normative, financial and participation tools. As a result, these tools will help to drive the current pattern on coastal areas towards new sustainable paradigms. This innovative project, ordered by the Board of Environment of the Andalusian Regional government, has been developed in 2006 and 2007 by a group of researcher from Cadiz University called “Integrated Costal Zone Management”.

En este trabajo se presenta un diagnóstico ambiental, socioeconómico e institucional del litoral de Andalucía, con la identificación de los principales problemas. A partir del análisis de las deficiencias, se plantean los criterios para la formulación, implantación y evaluación de la futura Estrategia de Gestión Integrada. El objetivo principal sobre el que se articula este trabajo es crear un marco institucional adecuado que reoriente y respalde todas las actuaciones que afecten a las áreas litorales, y en el que se impliquen todos los organismos con competencias en este ámbito. Con este marco se pretende mejorar la capacidad de gestión de todos los agentes involucrados en su administración, mediante la propuesta de una amplia gama de instrumentos de coordinación, financiación, formativos, normativos y de participación, que ayude a reconducir el actual modelo de desarrollo en las costas hacia paradigmas sostenibles.

Este trabajo analiza la planificación y gestión de los espacios protegidos del castigado litoral español y andaluz. Desde el punto de vista académico y de la administración pública, pretende comprobar la viabilidad de un modelo analítico de la gestión para estos espacios. Se abordan temas de tanta trascendencia como políticas públicas, base normativa, competencias administrativas, instituciones, instrumentos de naturaleza estratégica y operativa, aspectos económicos y financieros, así como la participación pública en la gestión de los espacios litorales protegidos. Las conclusiones constituyen verdaderas plataformas argumentales para el sustento de propuestas concretas; cuya finalidad es facilitar un cambio y la mejora de la gestión del litoral.