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Postharvest application of acibenzolar-S-methyl and plant extracts affect physicochemical properties of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruits
La aplicación poscosecha de acibenzolar-S-metil y extractos vegetales afecta las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los frutos de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.100044Keywords:
anthocyanins, coriander extract, mint extract, fruit firmness, respiratory rate (en)antocianinas, extracto de cilantro, extracto de menta, firmeza de frutos, tasa respiratoria (es)
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The demand for fruits with high anthocyanin content, such as blueberries, has increased in recent years due to their health benefits. However, few studies are known on the postharvest behavior of blueberry fruits subjected to the application of plant extracts and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM). The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of the application of ASM and vegetable extracts (mint and coriander) on the organoleptic characteristics of blueberry fruits stored at 16°C during postharvest through a completely randomized design with five treatments. The contents of total anthocyanins in fruits (TA) did not differ between treatments, with values that ranged between 74.1 mg and 83.9 mg 100 g-1 of fresh weight. The TA tended to increase during storage and then to decrease during senescence. The firmness of blueberry fruits increased during storage, but hardness did not increase, since the fruits are softer and show wrinkling over time, indicating that the epidermis of the fruits has great elasticity. The fruits with the application of vegetable extracts showed the highest total soluble solids and total titratable acidity. The values of red/green and yellow/blue ratio increased, so the blueberry fruits slightly lost their blue hue during postharvest. Fruits with ASM application reached a postharvest life of 15 d after harvest (dah) while the other treatments only maintained quality for 13 dah.
La demanda de frutos con alto contenido de antocianinas como el arándano ha aumentado en los últimos años debido a los beneficios para la salud. Sin embargo, se conocen pocos estudios sobre el comportamiento poscosecha de los frutos de arándano sometidos a la aplicación de extractos vegetales y acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM). El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar el efecto de la aplicación de ASM y extractos de menta y cilantro en las características organolépticas de frutos de arándanos almacenados a temperatura ambiente durante la poscosecha, mediante un diseño completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos. Las antocianinas totales (AnT) no presentaron diferencias entre tratamientos con valores que oscilaron entre 74.1 y 83.9 mg 100 g-1 de masa fresca. Las AnT presentaron una tendencia a aumentar durante el almacenamiento para después descender durante la senescencia. La firmeza de los frutos de arándano aumenta durante el almacenamiento, no así su dureza, ya que los frutos son más blandos y presentan arrugamiento a través del tiempo, lo que indica que la epidermis de los frutos tiene gran elasticidad. Los frutos con aplicación de extractos vegetales presentaron los valores más altos de sólidos solubles totales y acidez total titulable. Los valores de la relación rojo/verde y amarillo/azul aumentan, por lo que los frutos de arándano pierden ligeramente la tonalidad azul durante la poscosecha. Los frutos con aplicación de ASM alcanzaron una vida poscosecha de 15 d después de cosecha (ddc), mientras que los demás tratamientos sólo mantuvieron la calidad durante 13 ddc.
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