Identificación de variantes genéticas asociadas a hipercolesterolemia familiar en niños y adolescentes de la Región del Biobío, Chile

• Autores: Andrea Sánchez, Paulina Bustos, Paula Honorato, Katia Sáez Carrillo, Cinthia Elim-Jannes, Natalia Barriga, Guillermo Ibieta, Luis Pérez, Rodrigo Alonso, Claudia Radojkovic, Sylvia Asenjo
• Localización: Revista Médica de Chile, ISSN-e 0034-9887, Vol. 149, Nº. 9, 2021, págs. 1267-1274
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Identification of genetic variants associated with familial hypercholesterolemia in Chilean children and adolescents
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• Resumen

  • Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is commonly associated with mutations in-LDL receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B (APOB) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Aim: To identify genetic variants associated with FH in a population of children and adolescents with hypercholesterolemia or a family history of-demonstrated early CVD. Material and Methods: Clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated, and nine genes related to FH were sequenced namely LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, LDLRAP1, LIPA, APOE, ABCG5, ABCG8 and STAP1, in 55 children and adolescents aged 1 to 18 years old, from non-consanguineous families. Results: Mutations associated with FH were found in 17 children and adolescents, corresponding to p.Asp47Asn, duplication of exons 13-15 and p.Ser326Cys of the LDLR gene; p.Glu204* and Ile268Met of the APOE gene. Thirteen patients were heterozygous, two homozygous, two compound heterozygous, and one double heterozygous. Conclusions: Children and adolescents carrying mutations associated with FH were found by selective screening, which constitutes the first stage in the identification of genetic variants in our country.