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Bosques sucesionales en Colombia: una oportunidad para la recuperación de paisajes transformados
Successional forests in Colombia: an opportunity for recovery of transformed landscapes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v44n2.82255Palabras clave:
regeneración natural, trayectorias sucesionales, Bosques secundarios (es)Secondary forests, natural regeneration, successional trajectories (en)
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Más de la mitad de los bosques tropicales corresponden a bosques sucesionales, producto de la regeneración natural que ocurre espontáneamente, una vez han cesado actividades humanas en un terreno. El proceso sucesional que rige la recuperación de la estructura y composición de los bosques está determinado por diversos factores que operan simultáneamente a diferentes escalas y que se relacionan de maneras complejas. Estas contingencias conducen a los bosques hacia trayectorias sucesionales impredecibles en cada sitio. En Colombia, los bosques sucesionales hacen parte integral del paisaje, su área se encuentra en aumento y pueden considerase aliados importantes para alcanzar las metas de restauración; sin embargo, su valor ecológico no ha sido considerado en las agendas de conservación. Por esto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el estado de arte en el conocimiento sobre los bosques sucesionales en Colombia para visibilizar las oportunidades de investigación. Calculamos la extensión de los bosques sucesionales en Colombia y al interior de las distintas regiones del país y realizamos una revisión de la literatura sobre la investigación de estos bosques en el país. Finalmente, realizamos unas consideraciones sobre su estudio a futuro. En conclusión, los bosques sucesionales son ecosistemas dinámicos, taxonómica y funcionalmente, que deben considerarse como elementos clave de los paisajes transformados y tienen posibilidades de integrarse a los proyectos de conservación y restauración de gran escala. Esto pone de manifiesto la necesidad de eliminar el estigma que reposa en su nombre para empezar a estudiarlos como valiosos elementos ecológicos dentro del paisaje.
Over half of forest cover in the tropics are secondary forests, resulting from spontaneous forest regrowth, once human activities have ceased on a land. The successional process, which governs the recovery of forests structure and composition, is determined by multiple factors that operate at different scales and are related in complex ways. These contingencies may lead secondary forests towards unpredictable successional trajectories. In Colombia, successional forests are an integral part of the landscape, their area is increasing, and can be considered essential allies to achieve restoration goals; however, their ecological value has not been considered in conservation agendas. For this reason, our objective was to evaluate the state-of-the-art in knowledge about successional forests in Colombia to make research opportunities visible. We calculated the area occupied by successional forests in Colombia, as well as in the different regions of the country and we performed a review of the published literature on the research of these forests in the country. Finally, we proposed some considerations for their future study. In brief, successional forests are dynamic ecosystems, both taxonomically and functionally, which should be considered crucial elements of transformed landscapes, and thereby have the possibility of being integrated into large-scale conservation and restoration projects. This highlights the need to eliminate the stigma lying on them to begin to study them as valuable ecological elements within the landscape.
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