El trabajo decente en el desarrollo de la carrera: Un análisis comparativo de las percepciones de estudiantes universitarios italianos y españoles
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https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.36969Palabras clave:
trabajo decente, empleabilidad sostenible, métodos mixtos, análisis comparativo, estudiantes universitariosResumen
El empleo y el trabajo decente de las personas jóvenes constituyen uno de los desafíos más urgentes en las políticas europeas, en especial, en aquellos países donde los índices de tasa de desempleo juvenil superan la media de la UE como son España e Italia. La literatura científica ha demostrado cómo la concepción que tienen las personas sobre el trabajo afecta su trayectoria laboral. Este estudio pretende, de una parte, describir la concepción de trabajo y trabajo decente que tienen estudiantes universitarios españoles e italianos, y de otra, identificar la existencia de posibles diferencias en sus concepciones. Para ello, se ha optado por un diseño de métodos mixtos (“QUAL + QUAN”). La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 128 estudiantes del Grado de Psicología y/o Pedagogía de entre 18 y 30 años. Los resultados muestran cómo los estudiantes italianos y españoles tienen una visión reduccionista del concepto de trabajo, principalmente relacionada con el aspecto económico (salario/dinero/sueldo). En esta misma línea se constató que el concepto de trabajo decente lo identifican únicamente con una buena remuneración económica, bienestar y crecimiento personal, y respeto de unos derechos mínimos. En cambio, aspectos como la seguridad, la equidad o la conciliación de la vida familiar y laboral quedan en un segundo plano. Los resultados también aportan una visión más optimista de los españoles en relación con la posibilidad de encontrar un trabajo y/o trabajo decente en su propia región, mientras que los italianos muestran un perfil más disponible para la movilidad, considerando que es más fácil encontrar trabajo fuera. En conclusión, el análisis de este estudio refleja la necesidad de intervenciones dialógicas y de pensamiento reflexivo sobre el trabajo y el trabajo decente con estudiantes universitarios. El abordaje de la empleabilidad sostenible y el trabajo decente en los procesos de desarrollo de la carrera se convierte en una herramienta valiosa para el fomento de una vida laboral óptima y provechosa como futuros trabajadores.
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