This is a qualitative study whose main objective is to analyze the experiences and discourses on the birth of women who have given birth in the last five years in public hospitals in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, as well as the factors that may explain the differences present in these discourses. In-depth interviews have been conducted with nine women. Through its analysis, two main discourses have been differentiated, marked by the use of epidural analgesia in childbirth. Women who have used analgesia generally acquire the biomedical discourse about childbirth, being more dependent on the health system to give birth, although tensions also appear. Women who have given birth without using an epidural position themselves against the hegemonic discourse, defending that women regain control over childbirth. It has been concluded that the health system exerts structural obstetric violence against women through the medicalization of childbirth. Among the innovative contributions of this study, it is worth highlighting the fact that the biomedical paradigm itself generates obstetric violence.
Ikerketa kualitatiboan datza, zeinetan helburu nagusia den azken bost urteetan Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko ospitale publikoetan erditu diren emakumeek erditzeari buruz dituzten bizipenak, diskurtsoak eta hauetan agertu daitezkeen ezberdintasunak azaldu dezaketen faktoreak aztertzea. Bederatzi emakumeei elkarrizketa sakonak egin zaizkie. Hauen analisiaren bidez bi diskurtso nagusi bereizi dira erditzean analgesia epiduralaren erabilerak markatuta. Analgesia erabili duten emakumeek erditzearen diskurtso biomedikoarekin bat egiten dute oro har, erditzeko osasun sistemarekiko dependentzia handiagoa izanik, nahiz eta tentsioak ere agertzen diren. Epiduralik gabe erditu diren emakumeek diskurtso hegemonikoaren kontrako jarrera hartzen dute, emakumezkoek erditzearen gaineko kontrola berreskuratzearen aldeko defentsa eginez. Osasun sistemak erditzearen medikalizazioaren bitartez emakumezkoenganako egiturazko indarkeria obstetrikoa jarduten duela ondorioztatu da. Ikerketa honen ekarpen berritzaileen artean, paradigma biomedikoak berak indarkeria obstetrikoa sortzen duela nabarmentzen da.
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