Open data on Covid-19 in the Spanish autonomous communities: reutilization in spatial epidemiology studies

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2022.jul.10

Palabras clave:

Open data, Covid-19, Pandemics, Coronavirus, Reutilization of open data, Health information, Health data portals, Autonomous communities, Spain, Spatial epidemiology, Geolocation

Resumen

The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for governments and health administrations at all levels to have an open data registry that facilitates decision-making in the planning and management of health resources and provides information to citizens on the evolution of the epidemic. The concept of "open data" includes the possibility of reutilization by third parties. Space and time are basic dimensions used to structure and interpret the data of the variables that refer to the health status of the people themselves. Hence, the main objective of this study is to evaluate whether the autonomous communities´ data files regarding Covid-19 are reusable to analyze the evolution of the disease in basic spatial and temporal analysis units at the regional and national levels. To this end, open data files containing the number of diagnosed cases of Covid-19 distributed in basic health or administrative spatial units and temporal units were selected from the portals of the Spanish autonomous communities. The presence of infection-related, demographic, and temporal variables, as well as the download format and metadata, were mainly evaluated. Whether the structure of the files was homogeneous and adequate for the application of spatial analysis techniques was also analyzed. The results reveal a lack of standardization in the collection of data in both spatial and temporal units and an absence of, or ambiguity in, the meaning of the variables owing to a lack of metadata. An inadequate structure was also found in the files of seven autonomous communities, which would require subsequent processing of the data to enable their reuse and the application of analysis and spatial modeling techniques, both when carrying out global analyses and when comparing patterns of evolution between different regions.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Abella, Alberto; Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, Marta; De-Pablos-Heredero, Carmen (2019). "Meloda 5: A metric to assess open data reusability". Profesional de la información, v. 28, n. 6, e280620. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.nov.20

Abella, Alberto; Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, Marta; De-Pablos-Heredero, Carmen (2022). "Criteria for the identification of ineffective open data portals: pretender open data portals". Profesional de la información, v. 31, n. 1, e310111. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2022.ene.11

Alamo, Teodoro; Reina, Daniel G.; Mammarella, Martina; Abella, Alberto (2020). "Covid-19: Open-data resources for monitoring, modeling, and forecasting the epidemic". Electronics, v. 9, n. 5, pp. 827. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050827

Ashofteh, Afshin; Bravo, Jorge M. (2020). "A study on the quality of novel coronavirus (Covid-19) official datasets". Statistical journal of the IAOS, v. 36, n. 2, pp. 291-301. https://doi.org/10.3233/SJI-200674

Ball, William P. (2020). "Open data, open science and transparency in the time of Covid 19". Radical statistics newsletter, n. 127, pp. 4-9.

Barcellos, Raissa; Bernardini, Flavia; Viterbo, José (2022). "Towards defining data interpretability in open data portals: Challenges and research opportunities". Information systems, v. 106, 101961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2021.101961

Berners-Lee, Tim (2009). Linked data. https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

Chignard, Simon (2013). "A brief history of open data". Paris innovation review. http://parisinnovationreview.com/articles-en/a-brief-history-of-open-data

Dawes, Sharon S. (2010). "Stewardship and usefulness: Policy principles for information-based transparency". Government information quarterly, v. 27, n. 4, pp. 377-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.07.001

Dí­ez-Garrido, Marí­a; Melero-Lázaro, Mónica (2022). "La transparencia como medicina. La comunicación de la pandemia a través de los portales de datos abiertos de las autonomí­as". Estudios sobre el mensaje periodí­stico, v. 28, n. 1, pp. 65-80. https://doi.org/10.5209/esmp.77172

Diez-Roux, Ana V. (2001). "Investigating neighborhood and area effects on health". American journal of public health, v. 91, n. 11, pp. 1783-1789. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.91.11.1783

Elliott, Paul; Wartenberg, Daniel (2004). "Spatial epidemiology: Current approaches and future challenges". Environmental health perspectives, v. 112, n. 9, pp. 998-1006. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6735

Escolano-Utrilla, Severino; Salvador-Oliván, José-Antonio (2022). "Global regularity and local variability of the space-temporal patterns of Covid 19 in Aragón (Spain)". Boletí­n de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, n. 93. https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.3276

España (1986). "Ley 4/1986, de 25 de abril, General de Sanidad". BOE, n. 102, 29 abril. https://www.boe.es/eli/es/l/1986/04/25/14/con

Fatima, Munazza; O´Keefe, Kara J.; Wei, Wenjia; Arshad, Sana; Gruebner, Oliver (2021). "Geospatial analysis of Covid-19: A scoping review". International journal of environmental research and public health, v. 18, n. 5, 2336. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052336

Ferrer-Sapena, Antonia; Calabuig, José-Manuel; Peset, Fernanda; Sánchez-del-Toro, Isabel (2020). "Trabajar con datos abiertos en tiempos de alarma: el caso de uso de covidDATA-19". Profesional de la información, v. 29, n. 4, e290421. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.jul.21

Franch"Pardo, Ivan; Desjardins, Michael R.; Barea"Navarro, Isabel; Cerdà, Artemi (2021). "A review of GIS methodologies to analyze the dynamics of Covid"19 in the second half of 2020". Transactions in GIS, v. 25, n. 5, pp. 2191-2239. https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.12792

Garcí­a-Garcí­a, Jesús; Curto-Rodrí­guez, Ricardo (2018). "Divulgación de información pública de las comunidades autónomas españolas (2013-2017): portal de datos abiertos, portal de transparencia y web institucional". Profesional de la información, v. 27, n. 5, pp. 1051-1060. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.sep.09

Gardner, Lauren; Ratcliff, Jeremy; Dong, Ensheng; Katz, Aaron (2021). "A need for open public data standards and sharing in light of Covid-19". The lancet infectious diseases, v. 21, n. 4, e80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30635-6

Hu, Tao; Guan, Weihe-Wendy; Zhu, Xinyan; Shao, Yuanzheng; Liu, Lingbo; Du, Jing; Liu, Hongqiang; Zhou, Huan; Wang, Jialei; She, Bing; Zhang, Luyao; Li, Zhibin; Wang, Peixiao; Tang, Yicheng; Hou, Ruizhi; Li, Yun; Sha, Dexuan; Yang, Yifan; Lewis, Ben; Kakkar, Devika; Bao, Shuming (2020). "Building an open resources repository for Covid-19 research". Data and information management, v. 4, n. 3, pp. 130-147. https://doi.org/10.2478/dim-2020-0012

ISCIII (2022). Covid-19 en España. ISCIII Centro Nacional de Epidemiologí­a. https://cnecovid.isciii.es/

Kang, Dayun; Choi, Hyunho; Kim, Jong-Hun; Choi, Jungsoon (2020). "Spatial epidemic dynamics of the Covid-19 outbreak in China". International journal of infectious diseases, v. 94, pp. 96-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.076

Kirby, Russell S.; Delmelle, Eric; Erberth, Jan M. (2017). "Advances in spatial epidemiology and geographic information systems". Annals of epidemiology, v. 27, n. 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.12.001

Kobayashi, Shinji; Falcón, Luis; Fraser, Hamish; Braa, Jorn; Amarakoon, Pamod; Marcelo, Alvin; Paton, Chris (2021). "Using open source, open data, and civic technology to address the Covid-19 pandemic and infodemic". Yearbook of medical informatics, v. 30, n. 1, pp. 38-43. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1726488

Kubler, Sylvain; Robert, Jérémy; Neumaier, Sebastian; Umbrich, Jí¼rgen; Le-Traon, Yves (2018). "Comparison of metadata quality in open data portals using the Analytic Hierarchy Process". Government information quarterly, v. 35, n. 1, pp. 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2017.11.003

Lourení§o, Rui-Pedro (2015). "An analysis of open government portals: A perspective of transparency for accountability". Government information quarterly, v. 32, n. 3, pp. 323-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.05.006

Martí­n-Fernández, Almudena; Alfaro-Latorre, Mercedes; Crespo-Sánchez-Eznarriaga, Belén; Fidalgo-Garcí­a, Luz (2021). "Disponibilidad de datos abiertos relacionados con la Covid-19 en los portales web de las comunidades autónomas y del Ministerio de Sanidad". Revista española de salud pública, v. 95, e202112190. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8254679

Ministerio de Sanidad (2022). Estrategia de vigilancia y control frente a Covid-19 tras la fase aguda de la pandemia. https://www.sanidad.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/ccayes/alertasActual/nCov/documentos/Nueva_estrategia_vigilancia_y_control.pdf

Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana. Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales de España (IDEE). https://plataforma.idee.es/web/idee/inicio

Paez, Antonio (2021). "Reproducibility of research during Covid"19: Examining the case of population density and the basic reproductive rate from the perspective of spatial analysis". Geographical analysis, first online. https://doi.org/10.1111/gean.12307

Park, Sora; Gil-Garcí­a, J. Ramón (2022). "Open data innovation: Visualizations and process redesign as a way to bridge the transparency-accountability gap". Government information quarterly, v. 39, n. 1, 101456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2020.101456

Pecoraro, Fabrizio; Luzi, Daniela (2021). "Open data resources on Covid-19 in six European countries: Issues and opportunities". International journal of environmental research and public health, v. 18, n. 19, 10496. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910496

Priyadarsini, S. Lakshmi; Suresh, M. (2020). "Factors influencing the epidemiological characteristics of pandemic Covid-19: A TISM approach". International journal of healthcare management, v. 13, n. 2, pp. 89-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2020.1755804

Publications Office of the European Union (2020). Metadata quality assessment methodology. How data.europa.eu measures the quality of all stored metadata. https://data.europa.eu/mqa/methodology?locale=en

Rothman, Kenneth J.; Greenland, Sander; Lash, Timothy L. (2011). Modern epidemiology. Third edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978 1 45115920 2

Souris, Marc (2019). Epidémiologie et géographie: Principes, methods et outils de l´analyse spatiale. London: ISTE. ISBN: 978 1 784065 73 7

Sy, Karla-Therese L.; White, Laura F.; Nichols, Brooke E. (2021). "Population density and basic reproductive number of Covid-19 across United States counties". PLoS one, v. 16, n. 4, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249271

WHO (2022). Public health surveillance for Covid-19: interim guidance. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-2019-nCoV-surveillanceguidance-2022.1

Wilkinson, Mark D.; Dumontier, Michel; Aalbersberg, Ijsbrand-Jan; Appleton, Gabrielle; Axton, Myles; Baak, Arie; Blomberg, Niklas; Boiten, Jan-Willem; Da-Silva-Santos, Luiz-Bonino; Bourne, Philip E.; Bouwman, Jildau; Brookes, Anthony; Clark, Tim; Crosas, Mercè; Dillo, Ingrid; Dumon, Olivier; Edmunds, Scott; Evelo, Chris T.; Finkers, Richard; González-Beltrán, Alejandra; Gray, Alasdair J. G.; Groth, Paul; Goble, Carole; Grethe, Jeffrey S.; Heringa, Jaap; Hoen, Peter A. C.´t; Hooft, Rob; Kuhn, Tobias; Kok, Ruben; Kok, Joost; Lusher, Scott J.; Martone, Maryann E.; Mons, Albert; Packer, Abel L.; Persson, Bengt; Rocca-Serra, Philippe; Roos, Marco; Van-Schaik, Rene; Sansone, Susanna-Assunta; Schultes, Erik; Sengstag, Thierry; Slater, Ted; Strawn, George; Swertz, Morris A.; Thompson, Mark; Van-der-Lei, Johan; Van-Mulligen, Erik; Velterop, Jan; Waagmeester, Andra; Wittenburg, Peter; Wolstencroft, Katherine; Zhao, Jun; Mons, Barend (2016). "The FAIR guiding principles for scientific data management and stewardship". Scientific data, v. 3, n. 1, 160018. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18

Wu, Dan; Ma, Le; Zhang, Hui (2021). "Evaluation of open health data portals for Covid-19 from the perspective of the user experience". The electronic library, v. 39, n. 2, pp. 296-317. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-01-2021-0011

Xu, Bo; Kraemer, Moritz U. G. (2020). "Open access epidemiological data from the Covid-19 outbreak". The lancet infectious diseases, v. 20, n. 5, pp. 534. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30119-5

Publicado

2022-07-30

Cómo citar

Salvador-Oliván, J.-A., & Escolano-Utrilla, S. (2022). Open data on Covid-19 in the Spanish autonomous communities: reutilization in spatial epidemiology studies. Profesional De La información, 31(4). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2022.jul.10

Número

Sección

Artí­culos de investigación / Research articles