Infinite-step opacity and K-step opacity of stochastic discrete-event systems

• Autores: Xiang Lin, Zhaojian Li--, Weili Wang, Chaoyuan Liu
• Localización: Automatica: A journal of IFAC the International Federation of Automatic Control, ISSN 0005-1098, Nº. 99, 2019, págs. 266-274
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Opacity is an important information-flow property that arises in security and privacy analysis of cyber–physical systems. Among many different notions of opacity, K-step opacity requires that the intruder can never determine unambiguously that the system was at a secret state for any specific instant within K steps prior to that particular instant. This notion becomes infinity-step opacity when K goes to infinity. Existing works on the analysis of infinite-step opacity and K-step opacity only provide a binary characterization, i.e., a system is either opaque or non-opaque. To analyze infinite-step and K-step opacity more quantitatively, in this paper, we investigate the verification of infinite-step and K-step opacity in the context of stochastic discrete-event systems. A new notion of opacity, called almost infinite-step opacity (respectively, almost K-step opacity), is proposed to capture whether or not the probability of violating infinite-step opacity (respectively, K-step opacity) is smaller than a given threshold. We also provide effective algorithms for the verification of almost infinite-step opacity and almost K-step opacity.