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Vol. 21. Núm. 5.
Páginas 242-247 (Mayo 2003)
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Vol. 21. Núm. 5.
Páginas 242-247 (Mayo 2003)
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Bacteriemias por Acinetobacter baumannii: características clínicas y pronósticas
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Jesús Rodríguez-Bañoa, Álvaro Pascualb, Juan Gálveza,c, Miguel Ángel Muniaina, M.ª José Ríosa, Luis Martínez-Martínezb, Ramón Pérez-Canoa, Evelio J. Pereab
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas
b Departamento de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena. Sevilla. España
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Objetivo

Análisis de la incidencia, características clínicas y pronóstico de las bacteriemias por Acinetobacter baumannii

Métodos

Estudio prospectivo de la cohorte de bacteriemias por A. baumannii detectadas entre enero de 1995 y diciembre de 1998. A. baumannii se identificó según las recomendaciones más recientes

Resultados

Se incluyeron 133 bacteriemias, todas de adquisición nosocomial. La densidad de incidencia fue de 2,02 episodios/10.000 pacientes-día y descendió a 0,40 episodios/10.000 pacientes-día con la aplicación del programa de control. El 70% de los pacientes estaba o había estado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. El 85% padecía enfermedades crónicas concomitantes y el 62% un índice de gravedad de Hilf superior a 4. El 78% de las cepas eran multirresistentes y el 28% resistentes a imipenem. La mortalidad atribuible fue del 25,6%. El análisis multivariado mostró que el tratamiento antibiótico inapropiado, el shock séptico y un mayor índice de gravedad de Hilf fueron factores independientes de mal pronóstico

Conclusión

La bacteriemia por A. baumannii afecta fundamentalmente a pacientes graves sometidos a múltiples procedimientos invasivos, en los que la morbimortalidad puede ser elevada. El tratamiento antimicrobiano inadecuado se asoció, entre otros factores, a un peor pronóstico

Palabras clave:
Acinetobacter baumannii
Bacteriemia
Infección nosocomial
Objective

The incidence, clinical features, and prognosis of bacteremia due to Acinetobacter baumannii were investigated

Methods

Prospective study of all episodes of A. baumanii bacteremia detected during the period of January 1995 to December 1998. A. baumannii was identified using recent standard methods

Results

A total of 133 episodes of bacteremia due to A. baumannii were studied, all of them nosocomial-acquired. The incidence-density diminished from 2.02 episodes per 10,000 patient-days to 0.40 episodes per 10,000 patient-days after the implementation of a control program. Most of the patients (70%) were, or had been, in the ICU when bacteremia occurred. Some 80% of patients had a chronic illness and 62% had a Hilf’s severity score >4. Among the strains identified, 74% were multidrug-resistant and 28% were imipenem-resistant. Attributable mortality was 25.6%. Multivariate analysis showed that inappropriate antibiotic treatment, septic shock, and high Hilf’s severity score were associated with poorer prognosis

Conclusion

A. baumannii bacteremia mainly affects severely ill patients who have undergone several invasive procedures, and who may have relevant associated morbidity and mortality. Among other variables, inappropriate antibiotic treatment was a risk factor for increased mortalilty

Key words:
Acinetobacter baumannii
Bacteriemia
Nosocomial infection
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