Eduardo F. Rodríguez Gómez e-mail(Login required) , María Teresa Sandoval-Martín e-mail(Login required)

Main Article Content

Authors

Eduardo F. Rodríguez Gómez e-mail(Login required)
María Teresa Sandoval-Martín e-mail(Login required)

Abstract

375
The Internet has stimulated a cross-shift in the business model across the media sector. Traditional funding sources have been reduced by the voracious pulse for free access and nonprofessional actors have swarmed over to compete with traditional channels of information. This paper attempts to analyze willingness-to-pay for investigative journalism contents from a general audience’s point of view, in order to find consumption patterns that could orientate professionals in this crisis. To achieve such an aim, a survey was conducted to examine the paying habits of Madrid’s population using a multistage technique, which was designed following the indexes provided by the Municipal Register of the town. The results, based on three payment channels –micro-payment, donation and annual subscription– and three distribution channels – corporate media, non-corporate media and freelance journalists– confirm the interest of the audience for investigative reporting findings but also their unwillingness to pay for its scoops or exposés.

Keywords

Audiences, investigative reporting, payment, corporate media, non-corporate media, freelancer

References

AEDE (2014). Libro Blanco de la Prensa Diaria.

Asociación para la Investigación de Medios de Comunicación (2014, 2013 and 2012). Navegantes en la Red: XV Encuesta a Usuarios de Internet. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.aimc.es/-Navegantes-en-la-Red-.html.

American Press Institute (2015). How Millennials Get News: Inside the Habits of America’s First Digital Generation. AP-NORC CENTER. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.mediainsight.org/Pages/how-millennials-get-news-insidethe-habits-of-americas-first-digital-generation.aspx.

Bahón, F. (2014, May 28). Muros de pago y oportunidades digitales. Cuadernos de periodistas. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.cuadernosdeperiodistas.com/muros-de-pago-y-oportunidades-digitales/.

Brock, G. (2013). Out of print: newspapers, journalism and the business of news in the digital age. Londres: Kogan Page.

Berger, J., Milkman, K.L. (2009). What Makes Online Content Viral? Journal of Marketing Research. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1528077 (DOI: 10.1509/jmr.10.0353)

Brader, T. (2006). Campaigning for hearts and minds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Bruno, N., Nielsen, R.K. (2012). Survival is success. Journalistic online start-ups in Western Europe. England. Oxford: University of Oxford/Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/publication/survival-success.

Chyi, H.I., Lee, A.M. (2012). Theorizing Online News Consumption: A Structural Model Linking Preference, Use, and Paying Intent. Paper presented at the 13th International Symposium on Online Journalism, Austin, Texas. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from https://online.journalism.utexas.edu/2012/papers/chyiandlee.pdf.

Diezhandino, M.P. (Coord.) (2012). El periodista en la encrucijada. Madrid and Barcelona: Fundación Telefónica and Ariel.

Espada, A., Hernández, E. (Eds.) (2009). El fin de los periódicos. Barcelona: Duomo.

Edmonds, R. (2009). Is paid online content a solution or impossible dream? Poynter Institute. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.poynter.org/news/mediawire/94173/is-paid-online-content-a-solution-orimpossible-dream/.

Fondevila, J.F. (2012). La prensa digital en España: ¿un negocio viable para emprendedores? In F. Sabés & J.J. Verón (Coords.), El periodismo digital analizado desde la investigación procedente del ámbito académico. Asociación de Periodistas de Aragón: XIII Congreso de periodismo digital. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://decimotercero.congresoperiodismo.com/pdf/Libroelectronico2012.pdf

Hamilton, J.T. (2004). All the news that’s fit to sell. Princeton. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Hunter, M.L., Wassenhove, L. (2010). Disruptive news technologies: Stakeholder - Media and the future of watchdog journalism business models. INSEAD: Social Innovation Centre. Working Paper 2010/15/TOM/INSEAD. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1582324.

Justel, S. (2012). Transformación en la audiencia, transformación en los medios: un marco para el estudio de los retos y estrategias de las empresas periodísticas. AdComunica. Revista de Estrategias, Tendencias e Innovación en Comunicación 4.

KPMG International (2011). The Converged Lifestyle: Consumers and Convergence 5. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.kpmg.com/mx/es/issuesandinsights/articlespublications/paginas/theconverged-lifestyle.aspx.

- (2010). Consumers and Convergence IV - Convergence Goes Mainstream: Convenience Edges Out Consumer Concerns Over Privacy and Security. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.kpmg.com/cn/en/issuesandinsights/articlespublications/pages/convergencegoes-mainstream-o-201007.aspx.

- (2008). Consumers and Convergence III – Consumer taking charge. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.kpmg.com/cn/en/issuesandinsights/articlespublications/pages/takingcharge-o-200905.aspx.

Lewis, C. (2008). Seeking new ways to nurture the capacity to report. Nieman Reports. Last consulted: abril de 2012. Retrieved from www.nieman.harvard.edu/reportsitem.aspx?id=100060.

Martínez, F.A. (2013). Medios de comunicación y escándalos de corrupción en España: ¿denunciantes, magnificadores, cómplices?. OBETS. Revista de Ciencias Sociales 8(1), 99- 126.

McChesney, R., Pickard, V. (Eds.) (2011). Will the Last Reporter Please Turn Out the Lights: The Collapse of Journalism and What Can Be Done To Fix It. New York: The New Press.

Mitchell, A. (Dir.) (2014). The State of the news media: An annual report on American journalism. The Pew Research Center’s Project for Excellence in Journalism. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.journalism.org/2015/04/29/state-of-the-news-media-2015/.

Mitchell, A.; Page, D. (2015). The State of the news media: An annual report on American journalism. The Pew Research Center’s Project for Excellence in Journalism. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.journalism.org/packages/state-of-the-news-media-2014/.

Nelson, A. (2011). Continental Shift: New Trends in Private U.S. Funding for Media Development. Washington D.C.: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) and National Endowment for Democracy (NED). Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.cima.ned.org/resource/continental-shift-new-trends-inprivate-u-s-funding-for-media-development/.

Newman, N., Levy, D.A. (2014). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2014: Tracking the Future of News. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.digitalnewsreport.org/survey/2014/

- (2013). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2013: Tracking the Future of News. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.digitalnewsreport.org/survey/2013/

Newman, N., Levy, D.A. & Nielsen, R.K. (2015). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2015: Tracking the Future of News. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.digitalnewsreport.org

Nielsen Netview (2010, February 2). Changing models: a global perspective on paying for content online. Last consulted: September 2012. Retrieved from http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/news/2010/changing-models-a-globalperspective-on-paying-for-content-online.html

Norderson, B. (2008). Overload! Journalism’s battle for relevance in an age of too much information. Columbia Journalism Review, November-December. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.cjr.org/feature/overload_1.php

Palacio, L. (Dir.) (2014). Informe Anual de la Profesión Periodística. Madrid: Asociación de la Prensa de Madrid.

- (2013). Informe Anual de la Profesión Periodística. Madrid: Asociación de la Prensa de Madrid.

Oriella PR Network (2013). Digital Journalism Study 2013. The New Normal for news: Have global media changed forever? Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.horngroup.com/assets/Uploads/Oriella-Assets/Brands2LifeODJSv4.pdf

Ramírez, T. et al. (2014). Periodismo de calidad en tiempos de crisis: Un análisis de la evolución de la prensa europea de referencia (2001-2012). Revista Latina de Comunicación Social 69, 248-274. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.revistalatinacs.org/069/paper/1011_UPV/14t.html. (DOI: 10.4185/RLCS-2014- 1011)

Requejo-Alemán, J.L., Lugo-Ocando, J. (2014). Assessing the Sustainability of Latin American Investigative Non-profit Journalism. Journalism Studies. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2014.885269.

Rodríguez, E.F. (2013). Medios, fundaciones y cooperativas: Nuevos proyectos periodísticos como alternativas al ecosistema mediático tradicional. XIX Congreso Internacional de la SEP, Castellón.

Saba, J. (2011, March 5). No more free ride? Editor & Publisher. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://editorandpublisher.com/Article/No-More-FreeRide-.

Salaverría, R. (2012). Extrema turbulencia en los medios en 2011. Anuario ThinkEPI 6, 161-165. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://dadun.unav.edu/handle/10171/21940

Shields, M. (2009). Web publishers divided over the value of charging. Editor & Publisher. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://editorandpublisher.com/PrintArticle/Web-Publishers-Divided-Over-the-Valueof-Charging

Transparency International (2012, October 31). Putting corruption out of business. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/putting_corruption_out_of_business

Túñez, M. (2009). Jóvenes y prensa en papel en la era Internet. Estudio de hábitos de lectura, criterios de jerarquía de noticias, satisfacción con los contenidos informativos y ausencias temáticas. Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico 15. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ESMP/article/view/ESMP0909110503A

Vara-Miguel, A., Sanjurjo, E. & Díaz-Espina, C. (2014). Paid news vs. free news: evolution of the WSJ.com business model from a content perspective (2010-2012). Communication & Society 27(2), 147-167. Last consulted: 2015, September 29. Retrieved from http://www.unav.es/fcom/communication-society/es/articulo.php?art_id=494

Metrics

Search GoogleScholar


Details

Article Details

Section
Articles