Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T21:38:01.401Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Comparing Cognitive, Metacognitive, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Models of Depression: a Longitudinal Study Survey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2015

Francisco J. Ruiz  and
Paula Odriozola-González
Francisco J. Ruiz*
Affiliation:
Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz (Colombia)
Paula Odriozola-González
Affiliation:
Universidad de Oviedo (Spain)
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Francisco J. Ruiz. Facultad de Psicología, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Carrera 9 bis, n° 62–43, Bogotá (Colombia). E-mail: franciscoj.ruizj@konradlorenz.edu.co
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study analyzed the interrelationships between key constructs of cognitive therapy (CT; depressogenic schemas), metacognitive therapy (MCT; dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT; psychological inflexibility) in the prediction of depressive symptoms. With a lapse of nine months, 106 nonclinical participants responded twice to an anonymous online survey containing the following questionnaires: the Depression subscale of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS), the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale Revised (DAS-R), the Positive beliefs, Negative beliefs and Need to control subscales of the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – II (AAQ-II). Results showed that when controlling for baseline levels of depressive symptoms and demographic variables, psychological inflexibility longitudinally mediated the effect of depressogenic schemas (path ab = .023, SE = .010; 95% BC CI [.008, .048]) and dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs on depressive symptoms (positive metacognitive beliefs: path ab = .052, SE = .031; 95% BC CI [.005, .134]; negative metacognitive beliefs: path ab = .087, SE = .049; 95% BC CI [.016, .214]; need to control: path ab = .087, SE = .051; 95% BC CI [.013, .220]). Results are discussed emphasizing the role of psychological inflexibility in the CT and MCT models of depression.

Keywords

depressogenic schemasdysfunctional metacognitive beliefspsychological inflexibilityacceptance and commitment therapydepression
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 18 , 2015 , E39
Copyright
Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Antony, M. M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., & Swinson, R. P. (1998). Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 10, 176–181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.176 Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., … Zettle, R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 42, 676–688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007 Google Scholar
Borkovec, T. D. (1994). The nature, functions, and origins of worry. In Davey, G. & Tallis, F. (Eds.), Worrying: Perspective on theory, assessment, and treatment (pp. 5–33). Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Cristea, I. A., Montgomery, G. H., Szamoskozi, S., & David, D. (2013). Key constructs in “classical” and “new wave” cognitive behavioral psychotherapies: Relationships among each other and with emotional distress. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69, 584–599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21976 Google Scholar
Cui, L., Shi, G., & Oei, T. P. S. (2013). A study of cognitive vulnerability-stress model of depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. Stress and Health, 29, 383–391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smi.2484 Google Scholar
Daza, P., Novy, D. M., Stanley, M. A., & Averill, P. (2002). The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21: Spanish translation and validation with a Hispanic sample. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 24, 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016014818163 Google Scholar
De Graaf, L. E., Roelofs, J., & Huibers, M. J. H. (2009). Measuring dysfunctional attitudes in the general population: The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (form A) Revised. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33, 345–355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9229-y Google Scholar
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Paino, M., Lemos-Giráldez, S., & Muñiz, J. (2010). Propiedades psicométricas de la Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) en universitarios españoles [Psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) in Spanish college students]. Ansiedad y Estrés, 16, 215–226.Google Scholar
Giorgio, J. M., Sanflippo, J., Kleiman, E., Reilly, D., Bender, R. E., Wagner, C. A., … Alloy, L. (2010). An experiential avoidance conceptualization of depressive rumination: Three tests of the model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 1021–1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.07.004 Google Scholar
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. A regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006 Google Scholar
Hayes, S. C., Masuda, A., Shenk, C., Yadavaia, J. E., Boulanger, J., Vilardaga, R., … Hildebrandt, M. J. (2007). Applied extensions of behavior principles: Applied behavioral concepts and behavioral theories. In Woods, D. W. & Kanter, J. W. (Eds.), Understanding behavior disorders. A contemporary behavioral perspective (pp. 47–80). Reno, NV: Context Press.Google Scholar
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy. An experiential approach to behavior change. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. D. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 1152–1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kwon, S. M., & Oei, T. P. S. (1992). Differential causal of dysfunctional attitudes and automatic thoughts in depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 309–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183284 Google Scholar
Kwon, S. M., & Oei, T. P. S. (1994). The roles of two levels of cognitions in the development, maintenance and treatment of depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 14, 331–358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(94)90032-9 Google Scholar
Luciano, C., Valdivia-Salas, S., & Ruiz, F. J. (2012). The self as the context for rule-governed behavior. In McHugh, L. & Stewart, I. (Eds.), The self and perspective taking: Research and applications (pp. 143–160). Oakland, CA: Context Press.Google Scholar
Murray, C. J. L., & López, A. D. (Eds.) (1996). The global burden of disease and injury series: A comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Odriozola-González, P. (2011). El papel del pensamiento mágico en las alucinaciones y el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo. Comparación entre grupos clínicos y no clínicos. [The role of magical thinking in hallucinations and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Comparison between clinical and nonclinical groups] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Oviedo, Spain.Google Scholar
Oei, T. P. S., & Kwon, S. M. (2007). Evaluation of the integrated cognitive model of depression and its specificity in a migrant population. Depression and Anxiety, 24, 112–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.20225 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olinger, L. J., Kuiper, N. A., & Shaw, B. F. (1987). Dysfunctional attitudes and stressful life events: An interactive model of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research 11, 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183130 Google Scholar
Papageorgiou, C., & Wells, A. (2001). Positive beliefs about depressive rumination: Development and preliminary validation of a self-report scale. Behavior Therapy, 32, 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(01)80041-1 Google Scholar
Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2002). Expanding our conceptualization of and treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: Integrating mindfulness/acceptance-based approaches with existing cognitive-behavioral models. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.9.1.54 Google Scholar
Ruiz, F. J. (2010). A review of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) empirical evidence: Correlational, experimental psychopathology, component and outcome studies. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 10, 125–162.Google Scholar
Ruiz, F. J., Langer, A. I., Luciano, C., Cangas, A. J., & Beltrán, I. (2013). Measuring experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility: The Spanish translation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Psicothema, 25, 123–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2011.239 Google ScholarPubMed
Ruiz, F. J., & Odriozola-González, P. (in press). The role of psychological inflexibility in Beck’s cognitive model of depression. Anales de Psicología.Google Scholar
Ruiz, F. J., Odriozola-González, P., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., Barbero-Rubio, A., Eisenbeck, N., López-López, J. C., … Gil, E. (in press). The Spanish version of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale Revised. Behavioural Psychology.Google Scholar
Sanz, J., & Vázquez, C. (1993). Adaptación española de la Escala de Actitudes Disfuncionales (DAS) de Weissman and Beck: Propiedades psicométricas y clinicas [Weissman and Beck’s Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale Spanish adaptation: Psychometric and clinical properties]. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 19, 705–750.Google Scholar
Weissmann, A., & Beck, A. T. (1978, November). Development and validation of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale: A preliminary investigation. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Toronto, Canada.Google Scholar
Wells, A. (2009). Metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Wells, A., & Cartwright-Hatton, S. (2004). A short form of the Metacognitions Questionnaire: Properties of the MCQ-30. Behavior Research and Therapy, 42, 385–396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00147-5 Google Scholar
Wells, A., Fisher, P., Myers, S., Wheatley, J., Patel, T., & Brewin, C. R. (2012). Metacognitive therapy in treatment-resistant depression: A platform trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50, 367–373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.02.004 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wells, A., & Matthews, G. (1994). Attention and emotion: A clinical perspective. Hove, UK: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Wilson, K. G., & DuFrene, T. (2009). Mindfulness for two: An acceptance and commitment therapy approach to mindfulness in psychotherapy. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.Google Scholar
Wilson, K. G., & Luciano, M. C. (2002). Terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT). Un tratamiento conductual orientado a los valores [Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). A behavioral treatment oriented to personal values]. Madrid, Spain: Pirámide.Google Scholar
Yilmaz, A. E., Gençöz, T., & Wells, A. (2011). The temporal precedence of metacognition in the development of anxiety and depression symptoms in the context of life-stress: A prospective study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 389–396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.11.001 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed