Resumen de Role of CYP450 in pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of antihypertensive drugs
María Jesús Rodríguez Arcas, Emilio García Jiménez, Fernando Martínez Martínez, Pablo Conesa Zamora
Introduction: Antihypertensive drugs are principally metabolised by enzymes of the P450 (CYP450) cytochrome family. Response to hypertensive treatment whose genetic basis is beginning to be known presents inter-individual differences among patients. Objective: The aim of this review is to document the role of cytochrome enzymes P450 in the metabolising process of antihypertensive drugs, and to identify the most relevant polymorphisms in genes that code for these enzymes in order to facilitate future studies in hypertension pharmacogenetics. Methods: A keyword search was performed in the following literature databases: Pubmed, Rxlist and Medscape. Genetic polymorphism public databases were also consulted (PharmGKB, NCBI and the CYP450 allele nomenclature committee web page. Results: Enzymes CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2D19 and CYP3A4 participate in the metabolising process of most antihypertensive drugs. Considering the allelic frequency in the population and the variability in the clinical response associated with genetic polymorphism, we find the study of the following alleles CYP2D6*2,*4, deletion and duplication; CYP2C9*2 and*3, CYP2C19*2 and CYP3A4*1B to be of crucial importance. Conclusions: The study of polymorphisms in P450 cytochrome genes may contribute to an individualised therapy in the treatment against hypertension
