Solving Vein Marks Defects Problem through Wet End Process

Abstract

Leather grading is done on the basis of number of defects found on the leather. Defects either ante mortem or post mortem thus affect the final quality and price of the leather. In this study, we have investigated one of the ante mortem defects namely vein marks and have developed a process for upgrading leathers with this defect. SEM studies clearly depict the groove or indentation due to the vein marks. Upgradation using finishing often results in affecting the breathability of leathers. Hence, we have adopted a strategy of changing the post tanning recipe for upgradation of leathers with vein marks. The optimized post tanning recipe resulted in upper leathers with visibly reduced vein marks and the strength and organoleptic properties are on par with that of control leathers. Thus, this study shows that vein marks defect in leathers can be overcome by suitable post tanning process modifications.