Muzio Oddi (1569-1639) was among the most distinguished representatives of the scientific community in the Duchy of Urbino between the sixteenth and seventeenth century. He was perhaps the last mathematician at the Della Rovere court, as well as being a philosopher, architect and military engineer. Oddi has not yet been fully studied, especially as regards these last two disciplines. In the campaigns with Philip II of Spain during his war against Henry IV of France, the young “urbinate” achieved fame as an expert planner of fortified buildings, as witnessed by his activity in this area over the following decades. He worked in northern Italy and in Lucca, to which city he moved in 1625 to assume the direction of the building of the city walls. Although this project had been begun in the previous century, it was still proceeding apace. From the extensive corpus of Oddi’s unpublished drawings found in various European collections, often accompanied by detailed comments, for the first time some case studies of fortifications have been examined.
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