Leioa, España
Burgos, España
Santander, España
Alcalá de Henares, España
Madrid, España
The Upper Cretaceous limestones from the Sierra de Atapuerca contains a well developed karstic system that is composed of three different levels. The Sala de los Cíclopes is one of the biggest cavity located in the intermediate level of the karstic system. Spectacular outcrops of endokarstic sediments therein have made it possible to study the pleistocene geoenvironmental evolution of this part of the Sierra de Atapuerca. The stratigraphic sequence shows an evolution from phreaticto vadose processes and environments. The sedimentary units are composed of fluvial sandstones and lutites, alluvial and colluvial breccias and speleothems that are interrupted by very irregular erosional surfaces. Paleomagnetic studies and biostratigraphic data (presence of Ursus deningeri) infer the age of these materials from >780 ka to 150 ka
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