Between 1856 and 1908 the criollo cattle of the Argentine plains was replaced by specialized races for meat production. This process has been characterized by traditional historiography as a phenomenon due to the incentive of the external demand. Here we demonstrate that the refinement of the bovine was, on the contrary, an extremely complex process which initially was triggered by internal demand. Furthermore, we show that at that time Argentine cattle acquired its characteristics, for instance a strong predominance of the Shorthorn race. Also, the slow advances of this breeding technology were due to organizational problems and adaptations. The change was essentia1ly based on internal development and was not simply transferred from other advanced nations.
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