Publication: Terrorismo y prescripción penal: la imprescriptibilidad de los delitos de terrorismo en el derecho español
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2018-06-11
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En el Derecho europeo continental, la posibilidad de que los delitos prescriban, dejando de ser perseguibles cuando ha transcurrido un determinado periodo de tiempo desde su comisión, tiene una larga tradición histórica que se remonta a la Grecia clásica. Hoy en día, la prescripción es generalmente aceptada cuando se trata de delitos poco graves, por entender que la pena que se impone tardíamente es injusta, pues el delito ya se habrá olvidado, así como que las pruebas necesarias para su enjuiciamiento y castigo habrán desaparecido o se habrán debilitado con el transcurso del tiempo. Incluso, es probable que el delincuente se haya reformado y que ya no sea necesario que la pena incida en él para su corrección o, empleando los mismos términos de la Constitución española de 1978, para su reeducación y reinserción social. Todo ello hace que, en definitiva, la pena sea ya innecesaria para mantener el orden en la sociedad. Asimismo, se dice que si el delincuente no ha sido castigado en un plazo razonable, ha de llegar un momento en que desaparezca la incertidumbre acerca de su situación, pues no es justo que sienta permanentemente la amenaza de la coacción penal, sin saber si finalmente será o no condenado por un delito que cometió hace ya un tiempo más o menos largo en relación con la experiencia vital humana. Por ello, tradicionalmente, la literatura jurídica y la jurisprudencia han justificado la prescripción del delito aludiendo a la falta de necesidad de pena por razón del tiempo transcurrido desde su comisión, así como a la necesidad de seguridad jurídica...
In European continental law systems, the possibility that a crime ceases to be prosecutable when a certain period of time has elapsed since its commission has a long historical tradition that goes back to classical Greece. Nowadays, statute of limitations is accepted when it comes to minor offenses because it is thought that a late punishment is unfair, because the crime will have already been forgotten by society, and the necessary evidence for its prosecution and punishment will have disappeared, or they will have weakened over the course of time. It is even thought that the offender will have changed the way he behaves and it is no longer necessary the sentence and the punishment to correct him or, using the terms used in the Spanish Constitution (article 25.2), for its re-education and social reintegration. All this means that the penalty is no longer necessary to maintain order in society. It is also thought that if the offender has not been punished within a reasonable time since the crime was committed, there must be a moment when the uncertainty about his situation disappear, since it is not fair that 21 he permanently feel the threat of criminal coercion, without knowing whether he will be or not convicted of a crime that he committed a long time ago. For this reason, traditional legal literature and case law have justified the statute of limitations for crimes by referring to the lack of need for punishment due to the time elapsed since its commission, as well as the need for legal certainty...
In European continental law systems, the possibility that a crime ceases to be prosecutable when a certain period of time has elapsed since its commission has a long historical tradition that goes back to classical Greece. Nowadays, statute of limitations is accepted when it comes to minor offenses because it is thought that a late punishment is unfair, because the crime will have already been forgotten by society, and the necessary evidence for its prosecution and punishment will have disappeared, or they will have weakened over the course of time. It is even thought that the offender will have changed the way he behaves and it is no longer necessary the sentence and the punishment to correct him or, using the terms used in the Spanish Constitution (article 25.2), for its re-education and social reintegration. All this means that the penalty is no longer necessary to maintain order in society. It is also thought that if the offender has not been punished within a reasonable time since the crime was committed, there must be a moment when the uncertainty about his situation disappear, since it is not fair that 21 he permanently feel the threat of criminal coercion, without knowing whether he will be or not convicted of a crime that he committed a long time ago. For this reason, traditional legal literature and case law have justified the statute of limitations for crimes by referring to the lack of need for punishment due to the time elapsed since its commission, as well as the need for legal certainty...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, Departamento de Filosofía del Derecho, Moral y Política I, leída el 14-07-2017