- Valladolid, Castilla y Leon, Spain
Raquel Fernández Fuertes
Universidad de Valladolid, English, Faculty Member
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Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-ijb-10.1177_13670069211056740 for The acquisition of English active and passive monotransitive constructions by English–Spanish simultaneous bilingual children by Silvia Sánchez Calderón and Raquel... more
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-ijb-10.1177_13670069211056740 for The acquisition of English active and passive monotransitive constructions by English–Spanish simultaneous bilingual children by Silvia Sánchez Calderón and Raquel Fernández Fuertes in International Journal of Bilingualism
Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-ijb-10.1177_13670069211056740 for The acquisition of English active and passive monotransitive constructions by English–Spanish simultaneous bilingual children by Silvia Sánchez Calderón and Raquel... more
Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-ijb-10.1177_13670069211056740 for The acquisition of English active and passive monotransitive constructions by English–Spanish simultaneous bilingual children by Silvia Sánchez Calderón and Raquel Fernández Fuertes in International Journal of Bilingualism
Producción CientíficaWe set out to investigate whether and how the Spanish copula system might influence the realization of copula in the English developing grammar of two English/Spanish simultaneous bilinguals
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Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: We examine the acquisition of English active and passive monotransitives by English–Spanish bilingual children. These data are compared to English monolinguals from previous studies. We... more
Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: We examine the acquisition of English active and passive monotransitives by English–Spanish bilingual children. These data are compared to English monolinguals from previous studies. We explore whether bi- and monolinguals show similar onset patterns given the shared grammatical properties of actives in the bilinguals’ two languages, and whether they differ in the onset of passives given the grammatical properties in English (canonical determiner phrase [DP]-movement) and Spanish (canonical DP-movement and se-passives). We also investigate the role played by adult input in child output. Design/methodology/approach: We analyze the spontaneous production data from eight English–Spanish bilinguals (ages: 1;01–6;11), and the adults who interact with them. Data and analysis: We perform a double analysis: (1) the onset of these structures in the spontaneous production of bilinguals to determine whether emergence patterns differ from those of...
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Previous research suggests that native speakers quickly adapt to the properties of the language in the surrounding context. For instance, as they repeatedly read a structure that is initially nonpreferred or infrequent, they show a... more
Previous research suggests that native speakers quickly adapt to the properties of the language in the surrounding context. For instance, as they repeatedly read a structure that is initially nonpreferred or infrequent, they show a reduction of processing difficulty. Adaptation has been accounted for in terms of error-based learning: the error resulting from the difference between the expected and actual input leads to an adjustment of the knowledge representation, which changes future expectations. The present study tested whether experiencing an error is sufficient for adaptation. We compared native English speakers and second language (L2) learners’ processing of, and adaptation to, two types of temporarily ambiguous structures that were resolved toward the nonpreferred interpretation. Whereas both native English and L2 speakers showed increased reading times at the disambiguating word versus a nonambiguous control, our data suggest that only native English speakers adapted, and ...
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Codeswitching is a powerful phenomenon to explore how the properties of the two language systems interact in the bilingual mind. This study focuses on this language contact situation by analyzing eye-tracking data recorded from a group of... more
Codeswitching is a powerful phenomenon to explore how the properties of the two language systems interact in the bilingual mind. This study focuses on this language contact situation by analyzing eye-tracking data recorded from a group of L1 Spanish – L2 English bilinguals. More specifically, and given that Spanish-English bilingual communities have been shown to exhibit an overwhelming tendency to produce determiner-noun switches (la window / the ventana), we formally explore the directionality of the switch and the type of implicit gender agreement mechanism in the case of Spanish determiner switches (la/el window // el/la book). Our results show that Spanish determiner switches as well as gender non-congruent Spanish determiner switches take significantly longer to process. We interpret these results in the light of formal proposals on gender representation and of previous empirical studies and argue that the strength of grammatical gender in the participants’ L1 determines the switching processing costs.La alternancia de códigos posee gran potencial para explorar cómo interactúan dos sistemas lingüísticos en la mente del bilingüe. Exploramos esta situación de lenguas en contacto a través de datos de seguimiento ocular de bilingües de español L1 e inglés L2. Dado que las comunidades bilingües inglés-español muestran una clara tendencia a producir alternancia entre determinante y nombre (la window / the ventana), desde un punto de vista formal analizamos la direccionalidad de la alternancia y el tipo de mecanismo de concordancia de género implícita que se produce en el caso del determinante español (la/el window // el/la book). Los resultados muestran que se tardan más en procesar tanto la alternancia con determinante español como la del determinante español sin género analógico. Interpretamos estos resultados a la luz de propuestas formales de representación del género y argumentamos que la gramaticalidad del género en la L1 de los participantes determina los costes de procesamiento en este tipo de alternancia
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... Auxiliaries and the question of Theta-theory are brought together under Pollock's (1989) proposal of'Loc' (locative) as a Theta-role assigner. In this respect, we will explore whether English and Spanish display similar... more
... Auxiliaries and the question of Theta-theory are brought together under Pollock's (1989) proposal of'Loc' (locative) as a Theta-role assigner. In this respect, we will explore whether English and Spanish display similar behaviour, in terms of the correlation between tener/have ...
Research Interests: History and Linguistics
Chapter 5 Null and Overt Subjects in the Developing Grammars (L1 English/ L1 Spanish) of Two Bilingual Twins JUANA M. LICERAS, RAQUEL FERNANDEZ FUERTES and ROCIOPEREZ-TATTAM Introduction Ever since Chomsky (1981) put parameters at the... more
Chapter 5 Null and Overt Subjects in the Developing Grammars (L1 English/ L1 Spanish) of Two Bilingual Twins JUANA M. LICERAS, RAQUEL FERNANDEZ FUERTES and ROCIOPEREZ-TATTAM Introduction Ever since Chomsky (1981) put parameters at the centre of ...
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ABSTRACT The relative order of constituents within determiner phrases (DP) in which the noun is modified by an adjective (AN) has traditionally been taught in English as an L2 subject in the Spanish context. This is not the case for the... more
ABSTRACT The relative order of constituents within determiner phrases (DP) in which the noun is modified by an adjective (AN) has traditionally been taught in English as an L2 subject in the Spanish context. This is not the case for the same type of phrase in which the N-head is modified by another N (NN). This study aims to assess the impact of direct instruction in English NNs as part of the school curriculum. Acceptability judgement data and production have been elicited from two groups of L1 Spanish-L2 English children living in Spain, one receiving explicit NN instruction and the other following the regular only-AN instruction. Results show an advancement of the instruction group not only in NNs but also in ANs. This has a double implication: that NNs and ANs might share a common morphosyntactic underlying structure and that explicit teaching of grammatical properties that are shared by different structures might result in better attainment.
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This study deals with the syntactic (non-)derivational relationship of English dative alternation (DA) -double object constructions (DOCs) and to/for- datives-, as seen in the spontaneous production of English-Spanish bilinguals when... more
This study deals with the syntactic (non-)derivational relationship of English dative alternation (DA) -double object constructions (DOCs) and to/for- datives-, as seen in the spontaneous production of English-Spanish bilinguals when compared to English monolinguals. While a chronological progression and a difference in use between the two English DA constructions could suggest a syntactic-derivational relationship between DOCs and to/for -datives, a fairly similar emergence and a possibly similar rate of use could point to the two constructions not displaying a syntactic-derivational status. We also explore whether English-Spanish bilinguals show divergent developmental paths when compared to English monolinguals. To address these issues, we analyze data from nine English-Spanish bilingual children and twelve English monolingual children, along with the adults interacting with them. The analysis shows that both DA structures emerge at a similar age, which suggests they are not synt...
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El presente estudio se basa en esta equivalencia entre la concordancia pronominal como morfema independiente de las lenguas [+ sujeto nulo], (ejemplo 3), y los pronombres independientes débiles de las lenguas [- sujeto nulo], (ejemplo 4);... more
El presente estudio se basa en esta equivalencia entre la concordancia pronominal como morfema independiente de las lenguas [+ sujeto nulo], (ejemplo 3), y los pronombres independientes débiles de las lenguas [- sujeto nulo], (ejemplo 4); en la naturaleza de ambas categorías y en las consecuencias que tienen para el análisis de los diferentes tipos de sujetos que pueden aparecer en ambos grupos de len lenguas, centrándonos en este caso en el español y el inglés.
Producción CientíficaThis study examines whether biological gender differences appear in the early stages of acquisition in the case of English dative alternation (DA) structures (double object constructions (DOCs) and to/for-datives).... more
Producción CientíficaThis study examines whether biological gender differences appear in the early stages of acquisition in the case of English dative alternation (DA) structures (double object constructions (DOCs) and to/for-datives). Girls have been found to show faster syntactic development when compared to boys (Lovas, 2011). In the case of the acquisition of DA, an order in the emergence and in the incidence of English DA would entail a syntactic derivational status between DOCs and to/for-datives with one being the original structure and the other the derived one (Gu, 2010). However, analogous ages of onset and fairly similar frequency rates in the production could suggest the construction of two underived structures. We investigate whether biological gender differences appear in the case of DOCs and to/for-datives. We also investigate whether the exposure to English DA (adult input) results in differences between the girls’ output and the boys’ output. We analyze data from ei...
Producción CientíficaThe goal of this Special Issue is to showcase state of the art work on the L1, bilingual and non-native acquisition of Romance languages from a theoretical and empirical perspective. The volume will examine how recent... more
Producción CientíficaThe goal of this Special Issue is to showcase state of the art work on the L1, bilingual and non-native acquisition of Romance languages from a theoretical and empirical perspective. The volume will examine how recent learnability issues are approached using acquisition data from different Romance languages. We particularly encourage contributions dealing with different populations, including but not limited to L1 acquisition, L2 acquisition, bi/multilingual and heritage language acquisition, language processing and language disorders
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Producción CientíficaIn this paper, we analyze the omission/production of subject pronouns in the developing Spanish grammar and the developing English grammar of two English-Spanish simmultaneous bilingual children, in order to address... more
Producción CientíficaIn this paper, we analyze the omission/production of subject pronouns in the developing Spanish grammar and the developing English grammar of two English-Spanish simmultaneous bilingual children, in order to address the issues of the locus and directionality of interlinguistic influence
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Research on the acquisition of two first languages from birth (2L1A) has focused, among other issues, on how the grammars of the two languages being acquired interact (e.g.Bhatia & Ritchie, 2012;De Houwer, 2009;Deuchar & Quay, 2000;Döpke,... more
Research on the acquisition of two first languages from birth (2L1A) has focused, among other issues, on how the grammars of the two languages being acquired interact (e.g.Bhatia & Ritchie, 2012;De Houwer, 2009;Deuchar & Quay, 2000;Döpke, 2000;Köppe & Meisel, 1995). A case in point is natural interpreting which evidences how bilingual children exposed to two languages from birth deal with the grammatical properties of the two languages and how this leads them to potentially convey the same message in either (or both) of these languages. More specifically, as part of the simultaneous processing of their two L1s, 2L1 bilingual children have been reported to often translate between their two L1s (Álvarez de la Fuente & Fernández Fuertes, 2012, 2015;Cossato, 2008;Harris, 1980a, 1980b;Harris & Sherwood, 1978), a phenomenon that has been called natural interpreting (Harris, 1977, 2003). In this respect, natural interpreting can be included with other language contact phenomena, such as in...
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We analyze the emergence of grammatical gender in the spontaneous longitudinal Spanish production of a set of Spanish/English bilingual twins from the FerFuLice corpus (Fernandez Fuertes & Liceras, 2009). We take as a point of... more
We analyze the emergence of grammatical gender in the spontaneous longitudinal Spanish production of a set of Spanish/English bilingual twins from the FerFuLice corpus (Fernandez Fuertes & Liceras, 2009). We take as a point of departure theoretical accounts on gender assignment and gender concord and previous empirical work on the acquisition of gender by monolinguals and bilinguals. Our study deals with how gender incorporates in the case of L1 Spanish bilinguals; how concord within the determiner phrase (DP) operates; and how monolingual and bilingual Spanish pattern in the same way in this respect. We conclude that DP syntax and the gender concord valuation mechanism are in place from very early stages and that morphology and semantics are not determinant factors in this process.
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In bilingual child language acquisition research, a recurrent learnability issue has been to investigate whether and how cross-linguistic influence would interact with the non-adult patterns of omission/production of functional... more
In bilingual child language acquisition research, a recurrent learnability issue has been to investigate whether and how cross-linguistic influence would interact with the non-adult patterns of omission/production of functional categories. In this paper, we analyze the omission/production of subject pronouns in the earliest stage English grammar and the earliest stage Spanish grammar of two English–Spanish simultaneous bilingual children (FerFuLice corpus in CHILDES). We base this analysis on Holmberg’s (2005, Is there a little pro? Evidence from Finnish. Linguistic Inquiry 36. 533–564) and Sheehan’s (2006, The EPP and null subjects in Romance. Newcastle: Newcastle University PhD dissertation) formulation of the null subject parameter and on Liceras et al.’s (2012, Overt subjects and copula omission in the Spanish and the English grammar of English-Spanish bilinguals: On the locus and directionality of interlinguistic influence. First Language 32(1–2). 88–115) assumptions concerning...
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Investigating the interpretation and production of codeswitched structures involving functional and lexical categories by bilingual speakers constitutes a reliable tool to assess language dominance and/or nativeness. Language dominance... more
Investigating the interpretation and production of codeswitched structures involving functional and lexical categories by bilingual speakers constitutes a reliable tool to assess language dominance and/or nativeness. Language dominance has been described and measured in the context of bilingualism while nativeness is more rooted in the characterization of primary versus non-primary acquisition. Both concepts are intended to identify the specific ways in which language is represented in the mind of a bilingual. We draw from three different hypotheses formulated in the context of formal linguistics: the Grammatical Features Spell-Out Hypothesis, the Gender Double-Feature Valuation Mechanism, and the PF Interface Condition to show whether and how the codeswitching conditions established by these hypotheses constitute a diagnostic for language dominance and language nativeness.
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Previous works on Interpreting Studies, and more specifically on Corpus-based Interpreting Studies (CIS), have pointed out the important role that data analysis plays in outlining the interpreting process internal to any bilingual (e.g.... more
Previous works on Interpreting Studies, and more specifically on Corpus-based Interpreting Studies (CIS), have pointed out the important role that data analysis plays in outlining the interpreting process internal to any bilingual (e.g. Tirkkonen-Condit and Jääskeläinen 2000; Schlesinger 2008; Bendazzoli and Sandrelli 2009). The present study is meant as a contribution to the CIS research field as it presents a tool available for the computerized analysis of interpretation that has not been previously considered, i.e. the CHAT/CLAN methodology freely available through the CHILDES project (MacWhinney 2000). By applying this methodology, we analyze data from a set of English/Spanish bilingual twins from the FerFuLice corpus (Fernández Fuertes and Liceras 2009) in CHILDES and we show how the CHAT transcription and codification system as well as the CLAN program can be successfully used in the linguistic analysis of the interpretation process. In particular, the quantitative and qualita...
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This paper investigates two of the most widely analysed universals in translation research, namely simplification and explicitation. We examine the oral production of bilingual children with different language pairs as available in the... more
This paper investigates two of the most widely analysed universals in translation research, namely simplification and explicitation. We examine the oral production of bilingual children with different language pairs as available in the CHILDES project (MacWhinney 2000) (i.e. the FerFuLice, Ticio, Deuchar, Vila, Genesee and Pérez-Bazán corpora) as well as in other compilation forms (i.e. Ronjat 1913; Leopold 1939–1949; Swain 1972; Lanza 1988, 1997, 2001; Cossato 2008). We address two main issues: whether instances of simplification and explicitation appear in the production of non-instructed interpreters and, if so, how their occurrence relates to the type of data (i.e. spontaneous or experimental) and the language pair involved. The results show that children acquiring two first languages often translate and use simplification and explicitation at varying degrees irrespective of the language pair. We conclude that the analysis of acquisition data can contribute to shed light on the ...
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... First Language 14: 21331. Deuchar, Margaret, and Angeles Clark. 1996. Early bilingual acquisition of the voicing contrast in Eng-lish and Spanish. ... Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools 32: 27183. Johnson, Carolyn E.,... more
... First Language 14: 21331. Deuchar, Margaret, and Angeles Clark. 1996. Early bilingual acquisition of the voicing contrast in Eng-lish and Spanish. ... Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools 32: 27183. Johnson, Carolyn E., and Paige Lancaster. 1998. ...
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In this paper we analyze spontaneous and experimental data involving code-mixed DPs made up of English Determiners + Spanish Nouns (the casa “house”) and Spanish Determiners + English Nouns (la [the/feminine] house) from child... more
In this paper we analyze spontaneous and experimental data involving code-mixed DPs made up of English Determiners + Spanish Nouns (the casa “house”) and Spanish Determiners + English Nouns (la [the/feminine] house) from child English/Spanish simultaneous bilinguals and from L1 speakers of English, French and Spanish with different levels of proficiency in their respective L2s (Spanish in the case of L1 English and French; English in the case of L1 Spanish). We show that early child bilinguals and adult simultaneous bilinguals (production data) and L1 speakers of Spanish (experimental data) favor mixings where Spanish provides the functional category, the Determiner, over mixings where English does. We also show that when confronted with these mixed DPs adult L1 Spanish speakers and non-native speakers share a preference for the English D followed by a preference for the default gender marking in Spanish, the masculine (el [the/masculine] house). In the case of the L1 Spanish speakers, this preference is overridden by the “analogical criterion”, (la [the/feminine] house), which consists of assigning the gender of the Spanish translation equivalent (“casa” is feminine) to the English Noun. We provide a linguistic account of these preferences based on the intrinsic Gender feature of the Spanish Noun and the intrinsic Gender Agreement feature or the Spanish Determiner and argue that the cognitive mechanisms employed by the bilingual, the Spanish L1 speaker and the Spanish L2 speaker in spontaneous production and in the grammaticality judgments task make different use of these linguistic units.