- Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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In this paper we introduce the first version of a interregional input-output model for the Spanish Economy, built by a group of researchers from the L.R. Klein Institute using the following information: • A complete set of 17th regional... more
In this paper we introduce the first version of a interregional input-output model for the Spanish Economy, built by a group of researchers from the L.R. Klein Institute using the following information: • A complete set of 17th regional input-output tables built (or updated) for 1995 (one for each of the 17th Spanish regions-NUT2). All of them coherent with the National input-output Table. • A set of interregional trade matrices, estimated for each kind of product. Apart from a brief description of the main underpinnings of the model and the process of estimation, we focus on the strategy used for the estimation of this set of interregional trade matrices, using transport flows and value/weight relations indirectly deduced from detailed international trade statistics. Finally, by means of coefficients, maps and gravitational models, we analyse the most important intra and interregional flows in the light of the expected relations among flow intensity, geographical distance and secto...
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Founded in 1963 by two prominent Austrians living in exile – the sociologist Paul F. Lazarsfeld and the
In a world of heterogeneous space (asymmetric regions), some areas like border regions benefit from geographical advantage when trading with foreign markets. To date, the literature has concentrated mainly on analysing the internal... more
In a world of heterogeneous space (asymmetric regions), some areas like border regions benefit from geographical advantage when trading with foreign markets. To date, the literature has concentrated mainly on analysing the internal effects of openness to trade, by measuring to what extent the liberalisation process triggers the internal agglomeration of firms and jobs close to the border regions. By contrast, little attention has been devoted to the destination side of the issue: the agglomeration of the flows in the importing country. In this paper we explore the presence of different spatial pattern in the concentration of the inflows in the importing regions when the exports come from the border regions or from any other region in the exporting country. By doing so, we wonder if the spatial pattern of border regions are mainly explained by this geographical advantages (accessibility). The empirical analysis uses a novel dataset on interregional flows between the Spanish regions a...
Donald Trump´s so called trade wars and the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to have a substantial impact on international trade flows and would probably reshape globalization. As trade is restricted by tariffs, global value chains are... more
Donald Trump´s so called trade wars and the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to have a substantial impact on international trade flows and would probably reshape globalization. As trade is restricted by tariffs, global value chains are shortened and international cooperation becomes more difficult, there is a chance that environmental sustainability will increase due to lower and shorter trade flows. This paper tackles this issue by exploring the impact that recent American tariffs have had on the EU with a special focus in Spain. Using the SMART simulation model developed by the World Bank and the UNCTAD, we estimate the impact of the new tariffs applied to iron, steel and aluminum, the products included in the list of products affected by the Airbus dispute, as well as the potential new tariffs to the automotive sector. We end with a discussion on the effects of this new wave of protectionism on sustainability.
Completing data sets that are collected in heterogeneous units is a quite frequent problem. Chow and Lin (1971) were the rst to develop a unied framework for the three problems (interpolation, extrapolation and distribution) of predicting... more
Completing data sets that are collected in heterogeneous units is a quite frequent problem. Chow and Lin (1971) were the rst to develop a unied framework for the three problems (interpolation, extrapolation and distribution) of predicting times series by related series (the ‘indicators’). This paper develops a spatial Chow-Lin procedure for cross-sectional and panel data and compares the classical and Bayesian estimation methods. We outline the error covariance structure in a spatial context and derive the BLUE for the ML and Bayesian MCMC estimation. Finally, we apply the procedure to Spanish regional GDP data between 2000-2004. We assume that only NUTS-2 GDP is known and predict GDP at NUTS-3 level by using socio-economic and spatial information available at NUTS-3. The spatial neighborhood is dened by either km distance, travel time, contiguity and trade relationships. After running some sensitivity analysis, we present the forecast accuracy criteria comparing the predicted value...
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Recent theoretical models predict that large cities should specialize in more skillintensive goods. In this paper we use international trade data for Spanish urban areas in 2012 to test this hypothesis. We show that trade specialization... more
Recent theoretical models predict that large cities should specialize in more skillintensive goods. In this paper we use international trade data for Spanish urban areas in 2012 to test this hypothesis. We show that trade specialization in skillintensive goods raises with urban area population. We also find that larger cities tend to export more complex goods, and specialize in products that make intensive use of social and cognitive skills, and combine tasks that should be performed geographically close. These results confirm that city size plays a very important role in determining trade patterns. JEL: F11, F14, R12
The evaluation of the Single European Market requires a better knowledge of the level of integration both between and within the EU countries. While some institutions are pushing for greater integration between EU countries, others may be... more
The evaluation of the Single European Market requires a better knowledge of the level of integration both between and within the EU countries. While some institutions are pushing for greater integration between EU countries, others may be introducing—purposely or collaterally—additional barriers to interaction. Several reports have reported the high levels of market fragmentation prevailing within Spain. This paper aims to determine whether regional borders influenced the patterns of intra- and interregional trade between the 18 regions of Spain (Nuts 2) over a long period of time (1995–2017). While trade is more intense within regions than between them, our results suggest the presence of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the estimated home bias. We also investigate empirically the effect that the quantity and quality of national, regional and local regulations have on the economic performance of firms, in both the industrial and the service sectors. We use different non-spatia...
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Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions is a topic of major concern worldwide. Following previous articles which provide a methodology for estimating GHG emissions associated with international trade by transport mode at the world level, in this... more
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions is a topic of major concern worldwide. Following previous articles which provide a methodology for estimating GHG emissions associated with international trade by transport mode at the world level, in this paper, we estimate an equivalent database of GHG emissions for inter-regional trade flows within a country (Spain). To this end, we built a new database of GHG emissions for origin–destination flows between Spanish provinces during 1995–2015. For each year, we combine industry-specific flows by four transport modes (road, train, ship and aircraft) with the corresponding GHG emissions factor for each mode in tons*km, drawn from the specialized literature. With this dataset of GHG emissions, we generate and analyze the temporal, sectoral and spatial pattern of Spanish inter-regional GHG flows. We then forecast emissions for 2016–2030 and consider how transport mode shifts might produce a more sustainable freight system within the country through the su...
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ABSTRACT We analyse whether more populated cities have an export specialization different from the one of less populated cities. Using very detailed product-level export data for Brazilian urban areas over the period 2000–2013, we show... more
ABSTRACT We analyse whether more populated cities have an export specialization different from the one of less populated cities. Using very detailed product-level export data for Brazilian urban areas over the period 2000–2013, we show that more populated cities export proportionately more skill-intensive and complex goods than less populated cities. This result is consistent with the larger diversity of skills and the higher share of skilled workers in more populated cities.
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ABSTRACT We analyse whether more populated cities have an export specialization different from the one of less populated cities. Using very detailed product-level export data for Brazilian urban areas over the period 2000–2013, we show... more
ABSTRACT We analyse whether more populated cities have an export specialization different from the one of less populated cities. Using very detailed product-level export data for Brazilian urban areas over the period 2000–2013, we show that more populated cities export proportionately more skill-intensive and complex goods than less populated cities. This result is consistent with the larger diversity of skills and the higher share of skilled workers in more populated cities.
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Donald Trump’s so called trade wars and the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to have a substantial impact on international trade flows and would probably reshape globalization. As trade is restricted by tariffs, global value chains are... more
Donald Trump’s so called trade wars and the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to have a substantial impact on international trade flows and would probably reshape globalization. As trade is restricted by tariffs, global value chains are shortened and international cooperation becomes more difficult, there is a chance that environmental sustainability will increase due to lower and shorter trade flows. This paper tackles this issue by exploring the impact that recent American tariffs have had on the EU with a special focus in Spain. Using the SMART simulation model developed by the World Bank and the UNCTAD, we estimate the impact of the new tariffs applied to iron, steel and aluminum, the products included in the list of products affected by the Airbus dispute, as well as the potential new tariffs to the automotive sector. We end with a discussion on the effects of this new wave of protectionism on sustainabilityEs probable que las denominadas guerras comerciales de Donald Trump y la pan...
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... Page 6. Page 7. Carolyn M. DUDEK EU Accession and Spanish Regional Development Winners and Losers "Regionalism & Federalism" No.4 Page 8. ... Moreover, I would like to express gratitude to two very special... more
... Page 6. Page 7. Carolyn M. DUDEK EU Accession and Spanish Regional Development Winners and Losers "Regionalism & Federalism" No.4 Page 8. ... Moreover, I would like to express gratitude to two very special peo-ple: Pilar Luaces and Elvira Lopez. ...
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Trade and transport flows are usually considered synonyms. Consequently, it is standard to identify the origin of a flow with the point of production and the destination with the point of consumption. However, economic and logistical... more
Trade and transport flows are usually considered synonyms. Consequently, it is standard to identify the origin of a flow with the point of production and the destination with the point of consumption. However, economic and logistical complexity may lead to a number of misrepresentations in the observation of specific dyadic records. Transport mode competition and cooperation, and the “hub-spoke” structures generated by them, may introduce bias in several types of analysis. From the econometric viewpoint, they can be considered an additional source for cross-sectional correlation between dyadic flows. The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to analyze transport-mode competition in inter-provincial deliveries in Spain and, second, to analyze some of these potential biases. To this end, we use a novel dataset with fifty inter-provincial, sector-specific flows occurring via four alternative transport modes. We then feed this dataset into various specifications of a gravity model that incorporates cross-sectional dependence attributable to spatial autocorrelation and hub-spoke structures.
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En España no existe información oficial sobre el comercio interregional de bienes. En el marco del proyecto C-intereg se ha estimado la primera base de datos de comercio con detalle provincial, tomando como punto de partida la información... more
En España no existe información oficial sobre el comercio interregional de bienes. En el marco del proyecto C-intereg se ha estimado la primera base de datos de comercio con detalle provincial, tomando como punto de partida la información disponible sobre transporte de mercancías junto con información adicional sobre precios específicos por regiones y productos. La metodología también incluye varios ejercicios
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En el presente artículo, y tras una primera presentación del proceso de elaboración de las tablas interregionales estimadas por el Instituto L. R. Klein, se aborda un análisis cuantitativo que trata de valorar los posibles sesgos... more
En el presente artículo, y tras una primera presentación del proceso de elaboración de las tablas interregionales estimadas por el Instituto L. R. Klein, se aborda un análisis cuantitativo que trata de valorar los posibles sesgos derivados de la utilización de tablas interregionales, frente a las tablas unirregionales clásicas, así como las desviaciones entre los resultados que se obtendrían de estas tablas estimadas con procedimientos indirectos (non-survey) frente a las realizadas con procedimientos directos (survey). Los resultados iniciales parecen confirmar, tanto la eficacia de los métodos indirectos de estimación de tablas input-output interregionales, como la existencia de un cierto sesgo de agregación espacial.
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Although the regional input-output charts and other sources of statistical information provide general information about the trade that some autonomous communities have “with the rest of Spain”, the main estimations of the interregional... more
Although the regional input-output charts and other sources of statistical information provide general information about the trade that some autonomous communities have “with the rest of Spain”, the main estimations of the interregional trade have occurred within the context of academic research projects. In this paper we put forth the method used to estimate interregional trade within Spain based on the C-INTEREG Project. The presented historical series covers the period 1995-2006 and it includes the details of 16 branches, 6 modes of transportation (road, rail, ship, aircraft, pipeline and powerline) in physical and monetary units. In this way, the INTEREG-C database is presented as the most comprehensive estimation of the interregional trade (NUTS 2), the first being at the provincial level (NUTS 3). The paper also includes a brief analysis of the main results, which shows the relative importance of domestic trade versus international trade.
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Although the regional input-output charts and other sources of statistical information provide general information about the trade that some autonomous communities have “with the rest of Spain”, the main estimations of the interregional... more
Although the regional input-output charts and other sources of statistical information provide general information about the trade that some autonomous communities have “with the rest of Spain”, the main estimations of the interregional trade have occurred within the context of academic research projects. In this paper we put forth the method used to estimate interregional trade within Spain based on
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Información del artículo El esfuerzo innovador en las TICs de la Administración Pública española.
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The existence of a large border effect is considered as one of the main puzzles of international macroeconomics. We show that the border effect is, to a large extent, an artefact of geographic concentration. In order to do so we combine... more
The existence of a large border effect is considered as one of the main puzzles of international macroeconomics. We show that the border effect is, to a large extent, an artefact of geographic concentration. In order to do so we combine international flows with intranational flows ...