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La producción de frutos carnosos en dos espinales del nororeste de España

  • Autores: Marcelino Fuentes
  • Localización: Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, ISSN 0211-1322, Vol. 49, Nº 1, 1991, págs. 83-93
  • Idioma: español
  • Títulos paralelos:
    • Productum of fleshy fruits in two thorn shrublands in northwestern Spain
  • Enlaces
  • Resumen
    • español

      Se estudiaron la magnitud y estacionalidad de la producción de frutos carnosos en dos espinales del Bierzo (León, España). Los dos espinales difieren en la cobertura de las plantas productoras de frutos carnosos y, en consecuencia, en la producción total de frutos carnosos: 8 x 10^5 frutos maduros/Ha en uno de ellos (estudiado en 1988-89) y 8 x 10^4 frutos maduros/Ha en el otro (estudiado en 1989-90). Estas cifras contrastan con la ausencia casi total de frutos carnosos en los encinares adyacentes. El máximo de disponibilidad de fruto maduro ocurrió a principios de noviembre (1988) o finales de octubre (1989). Los frutos más abundantes son los de Lonicera etrusca, Rubus spp., Rosa micrantha, Cornus sanguinea, Crataegus monogyna y Rubia peregrina. Se discute el posible papel de la dispersión de semillas por las aves frugívoras en la conformación de esta comunidad.

    • English

      The magnitude and seasonality of fleshy fruit production was studied in each of two small (5 and 3 Ha) thorn shrublands of El Bierzo (León, northwestern Spain). These shrublands, mainly composed of Crataegus monogyna, Rosa micrantha, Lonicera etrusca, Rubus spp., Cornus sanguinea and Quercus ilex, constitute early successional stages of the mediterranean evergreen oak woodlands (Quercus ilex, Arbutus unedo) which grow on limestone soils in the study area. Data were obtained by combining information from periodic fruit counts in a sample of tagged plants of each species and fruit censuses in transects placed randomly throughout each site. Site A was studied in the 1988-89 fruiting season and site B in the 1989-90 season. Total production in the whole annual cycle reached 8 x 10 E 5 ripe fruits/Ha, equivalent to 445 kg fresh weight and 160 kg dry weight, in site A and 8 x 10 E 4 ripe fruits/Ha, equivalent to 38.2 kg fresh weight and 15.9 kg dry weight, in site B. Qualitative observations of fruit production in site A during 1989-1990 indicated that the number of fruits produced was similar or greater than that of 1988-89 in the same site. Both percent cover and average plant size of fleshy fruit producing species were much greater in site A than in site B, as a result of the latter being older than the former; this fact accounted for the differences between the sites in the figures of fruit production. Crataegus monogyna, Rosa micrantha, Rubus spp., Cornus sanguinea, Rubia peregrina and Lonicera etrusca accounted for most of the production. Cornus sanguinea and Rubia peregrina fruits were relatively more abundant and Lonicera etrusca less so in site A than in site B. Maximum fruit availability occurred in early November (site A, 1988, with more than 200000 fruits/Ha) or late October (site B, 1989. with more than 35000 fruits). Noticeable numbers of ripe fruits were present for seven (site A in 1988-89) and nine (site B in 1989-90) months. The quantities mentioned contrasted with the extremely low production found in adjacent evergreen oak woodlands, and lay between those reponed for southern Spanish Mediterranean shrublands and temperate deciduous woods. The spatial pattern of fruit abundance is similar to that of temperate deciduous woods: high concentrations in forest edges and clearings and low abundance in the forest interior. The possible role of seed dispersal by fruiteating birds in shaping this community is discussed.


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